How to pursue advantages and avoid disadvantages in agriculture in the first year of entering WTO

Introduction: Xie Yang, Vice Minister of Rural Economic Research Department of development research center of the State Council, as China's agricultural and rural economic development enters a new stage of strategic structural adjustment, we ushered in the first year after China's accession to the WTO The recent central rural work conference clearly pointed out that the prominent problem in the current agricultural and rural work is the difficulty of increasing farmers' income The poor sales of agricultural products and low prices have not fundamentally changed The income of farmers is growing slowly The main grain producing areas even have negative growth The income gap between urban and rural residents has further widened The difficulty of increasing farmers' income is a problem that occurs when the supply-demand relationship changes and the economic structure is in the period of adjustment It is also a concentrated reflection of the unreasonable economic structure of agriculture and rural areas, the low level of urbanization and the low agricultural labor productivity in the new stage for a long time It is a very difficult task to solve this problem The slow growth of JVT farmers' income is not only a prominent contradiction in the new stage, but also a major issue related to the overall situation The situation of supply and demand of agricultural products may be reversed if agricultural production is increased for a long time and farmers' enthusiasm for production is affected; if farmers' income and rural purchasing power are not kept up, not only the market demand of industrial products will be severely restricted, but also the consumption expenditure of agricultural products will be affected, the difficulty of selling agricultural products will be aggravated, and the policy of expanding domestic demand will be difficult to implement; farmers cannot get rich The goal of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way and speeding up modernization cannot be achieved In the first year of China's accession to the WTO, the task of increasing farmers' income is more arduous According to the low tariff quota of agricultural products determined by the agreement of China's accession to the WTO, in 2002, China imported grain and oil quota, including 8.468 billion kg of wheat, 5.85 billion kg of corn, 3.99 billion kg of rice, 2.518 billion kg of soybean oil, 812 million kg of vegetable oil and 2.4 billion kg of palm oil Although these quotas are not necessary to import, the total import and export volume of the above-mentioned products from January to November 2001 is equal to each other The total grain volume is net export, such as 480 million kg net import of wheat, 4.76 billion kg net export of corn and 1.39 billion kg net export of rice The actual import volume of edible vegetable oil, except palm oil, is less than the quota volume, including 60 million kg soybean oil and 50 million kg vegetable oil 。 In particular, the low tariff quota specifies the proportion of state-owned and private businesses At the same time, after October 1 of each year, the quota of state-owned trade can be automatically converted into the quota of private trade It is obvious that the impact on agriculture in the first year of China's accession to the WTO is the import impact of foreign agricultural products This kind of impact is reflected in the market price, that is, the price of agricultural products may further fall into a downturn It will have a resonance effect with the existing contradictions, making it more difficult for farmers to increase their income To this end, the central rural work conference proposed that new ideas and comprehensive measures should be taken to increase farmers' income in the new stage The state should increase support and protection for agriculture, increase investment in agriculture, and improve the conditions and environment for agricultural and rural economic development But the fundamental way is to carry out strategic adjustment of agricultural and rural economic structure, improve the comprehensive benefits of agriculture, and open up new ways and fields for farmers to obtain employment and increase income To grasp the opportunities and meet the challenges is consistent with the direction of our agricultural structural adjustment In essence, the challenges and opportunities faced by China's accession to the WTO are basically consistent with our direction of accelerating the adjustment of agricultural regional layout in accordance with regional comparative advantages and local conditions It can seek advantages and avoid disadvantages and reduce impact The reform of grain circulation system has been further deepened in the main grain selling areas last year, laying a foundation for more development of production and processing of high-value agricultural products and increasing the export of China's advantageous agricultural products As long as we have more and better agricultural products, especially processed agricultural products, such as horticultural products and livestock and poultry products, which are labor-intensive products with comparative advantages and can reach the international market, the impact of "WTO accession" can be reduced The transfer from domestic market to international market in the eastern coastal areas is a major industrial upgrading of China's agricultural regional layout It provides and vacates a considerable part of the market opportunities of agricultural products for the main grain producing areas in the central region It can enable them to give full play to their advantages, optimize varieties, reduce costs, expand the sales of agricultural products in traditional agricultural areas, and in a certain sense, it can play a protective role in stabilizing the domestic agricultural product market This year, the project of returning farmland to forests in the western region will be launched in an all-round way, which is a major measure to make full use of the historical opportunity of the relative surplus of grain and improve the ecological environment At the same time, it is also a major strategic deployment to further reduce the current excessive grain inventory in China, free up more material and financial resources, meet the challenge of entering WTO, and enhance the ability of macro-control Only when we do a solid job in dealing with various problems and overcome the immediate difficulties, will the process of agricultural structural adjustment and the reform of grain and cotton purchase and sale system be accelerated, and the overall benefits of agriculture will be greatly improved in the competition The main task to cope with the challenge of WTO entry and the adjustment of agricultural and rural economic structure is to further improve the market competitiveness of agricultural products in China And vigorously develop agricultural industrialization, actively support leading enterprises, and form the organizational form and operation mechanism to drive structural adjustment This is a series of practical support measures which have been prominently introduced this year after the central government strengthened its support last year It is emphasized that all levels of finance should increase investment, give loan support by means of financial discount interest from base construction, scientific research and development and technical services, make it clear that Agricultural Bank of China should arrange funds of certain scale, give priority to supporting leading enterprises that meet the loan conditions, and take agricultural product processing enterprises as the priority support objects of the credit guarantee system of small and medium-sized enterprises in China, etc Its purpose is to improve the competitiveness and driving force of leading enterprises of agricultural industrialization Speeding up the development of animal husbandry is not only an important strategic deployment to promote the adjustment of agricultural structure in the new stage, but also to resolve the impact of China's accession to WTO and enhance the ability of market development It includes two key points: first, increase the production of famous, special and excellent new animal products, implement the "livestock and poultry breeding project", expand the scale of introduction of excellent breeding animals, establish breeding bases of livestock and poultry in key areas, build demonstration areas of animal diseases without regulations, organize production, processing, transportation and expand exports in strict accordance with international standards; second, speed up the agricultural quality standard system and quality inspection of agricultural products The construction of testing and inspection system and market information system will promote the quality of agricultural products, accelerate the implementation of "action plan for pollution-free food", promote the progress of agricultural science and technology, and provide technical support for structural adjustment In this respect, animal products should be the top priority If we do a good job, we can get more benefits Because% of the leading enterprises in agricultural industrialization are animal products processing enterprises, the processing value-added of animal products directly depends on the input of scientific and technological forces It not only guides the supply direction of primary agricultural products, such as corn, but also regulates the change of people's health demand It will play an increasingly important role in people's diet and the processing and export of agricultural products In a certain sense, to grasp animal husbandry is to hold the "bull's ear" of agricultural structural adjustment It is also the hope of "going out" of our agricultural products Of course, we must also speed up the development of rural secondary and tertiary industries, promote the structural adjustment and institutional innovation of township enterprises, and promote the optimization and upgrading of rural industrial structure on the basis of the comprehensive development of planting and breeding industry; we must implement the urbanization strategy, focus on the development of small towns, accelerate the transfer of agricultural surplus labor, and promote the coordinated development of urban and rural economy Our practice and international experience show that agriculture cannot improve its competitiveness due to the excessive population staying on small plots of land Only by reducing the number of farmers can we enrich them While continuing to emphasize the combination of the construction of small towns with the guidance of the reasonable agglomeration of township enterprises, this year, for the first time, it is proposed that the construction of small towns be combined with the improvement of the rural market system and the development of rural service industry, so as to give full play to the functions of small towns in increasing the employment of farmers and promoting economic development The central rural work conference clearly pointed out that the small-scale agricultural products processing industry and community service industry in rural areas are important channels to transfer the surplus agricultural labor force and increase the income of farmers, and also the weak link of the current rural economic development, which should be let go The paper gives a full evaluation of the strategic height of coordination between urban and rural areas for the cross regional flow of rural labor and migrant workers It is emphasized that it is not only beneficial for farmers to increase their income, but also convenient for urban residents to live and enhance the vitality and competitiveness of urban economy The central government requires all localities to seriously clean up the unreasonable restrictions and arbitrary charges for farmers to work in cities, and correct the simple and rough way of clearing out migrant workers This is another reform measure of "national treatment" for farmers since the reform of household registration system in small towns, highlighting the good intentions of the Party Central Committee and the State Council to care for farmers and support agriculture this year New variables and challenges are also opportunities for development and reform Strategic adjustment of agricultural and rural economic structure is a long-term process We should pay attention to summing up experience and keep moving forward We should give full play to the enthusiasm and initiative of the masses of farmers, respect their autonomy in production and operation, and respect their initiative At the same time, joining WT0 is also a new topic we are facing Only by strengthening study and countermeasure research, can we make good use of rights, gradually abolish the discriminatory restrictions of some countries on our export of agricultural products, expand the export of advantageous agricultural products, can we really help to adjust the agricultural structure, improve the quality of agricultural products, improve the level of industrialization, and improve China's agriculture as a whole International competitiveness The new stage of strategic adjustment of agriculture and rural economic structure coincides with the impact of China's accession to the WTO, which not only brings new variables and challenges to the rural work this year, but also an opportunity for development, reform and concept renewal Whether we can follow the trend or not depends on our ability to judge the situation and seize the opportunity     In a word, we should speed up the strategic adjustment of agricultural structure, optimize the industrial structure and regional layout, promote the standardization of agricultural production and the quality of agricultural products, actively promote various reforms, and establish as soon as possible a rural economic system and operating mechanism that can adapt to the changes in market demand at home and abroad, and widely use advanced and applicable agricultural technologies to reduce production and circulation costs and improve domestic agricultural products To make full use of the policies allowed by WTO, to strengthen and improve the support system for agriculture and farmers' income will become the leading thinking of rural reform and development in this year and in the future JVT (author:) to feed Weibo to: