How to improve the treatment of multiple diseases with appropriate drug dosage?

We all know that the right dose of drugs / therapies can help improve the treatment of diseases What new research achievements have scientists made in recent years? In this paper, the editor of the relevant research results are sorted out and shared with you! Source: en.wikipedia.org [1] JAMA: high dose vitamin D may benefit patients with metastatic colorectal cancer doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.2402 Recently, in a research report published in the international journal JAMA, scientists from Dana Faber Cancer Institute in the United States found that high-dose vitamin D supplementation during chemotherapy can benefit patients with metastatic colorectal cancer by slowing down the progress of disease, which is the first randomized clinical trial completed by researchers To analyze the effect of vitamin D supplementation on patients with malignant or metastatic colorectal cancer In the high-dose vitamin D group, life expectancy was delayed by 13 months before the disease worsened, while in the low-dose group, life expectancy was delayed by 11 months, the researchers said In addition, in the 22.9-month study, patients in the high-dose vitamin D group were 36% less likely to progress or die of disease This clinical trial The number of patients in the group was small, so the researchers were not sure if patients who took high doses of vitamin D had improved overall survival 【2】 Lasers Surg Med: low dose photodynamic therapy can regulate tumor microenvironment doi: 10.1002/lsm.23069 a new study reveals the mechanism of low dose photodynamic therapy on vascular microstructure By CO culturing peripheral cells and endothelial cells in vitro, the researchers found that low-dose photodynamic therapy activated peripheral cells through Rho, myosin light chain and focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation (MLC ‐ P, FAK ‐ P) This leads to cytoskeletal remodeling, resulting in more effective contraction of three-dimensional collagen gel by pericytes After discovering these in vitro phenomena, perentes and his colleagues confirmed their findings in two models of malignant pleural mesothelioma in vivo They found that low-dose photodynamic therapy can cause mlc-p of peripheral cells, which is related to the increased coverage of endothelial cells This change of vascular structure is related to the decrease of interstitial fluid pressure and the enhancement of macromolecular distribution in tumor 【3】 Cost: taking low-dose aspirin every day can relieve COPD! Doi: 10.1016/j.best.2018.11.028 many Americans take low-dose aspirin every day to protect their hearts, but now a study shows that aspirin also seems to prevent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD In a study of patients with COPD, the researchers found that aspirin was related to the reduction of moderate deterioration of COPD, but not serious deterioration Aspirin can also reduce the attack of moderate to severe dyspnea This study shows that adding aspirin to existing treatment regimens may improve the health of patients " Ashraf fawzy, a lung and critical care researcher at Johns Hopkins University, said, but said more research was needed to confirm Fawzy and his colleagues looked at nearly 1700 COPD patients, funded by NIH in the United States About 45% of patients reported that they regularly took low-dose aspirin (81 mg) at the beginning of the study 【4】 JAMA network open: increasing the dosage of statins can help save patients' lives doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.5554 patients taking higher doses of statins and taking drugs as recommended by doctors can prevent thousands of heart attacks and cardiovascular deaths The results come from a study by researchers at Imperial College London and the University of Leicester, which estimated that 12000 cardiovascular events (such as heart attacks or strokes) in high-risk patients in the UK could be avoided by placing them in high-intensity cholesterol -Reduce drugs and ensure patients adhere to the correct treatment plan The relevant research is published in the journal JAMA network open, which is the first study on the comprehensive effect of high-intensity statins on patients who have already suffered from cardiovascular events and whose compliance has increased the risk of future cardiovascular events The researchers revealed that those who took the highest dose (intensity) of statins to reduce their LDL cholesterol levels (the "bad" cholesterol that accumulates in the arteries), and most importantly, those who took the drugs as recommended by their doctors, saw the greatest reduction in the risk of future cardiovascular events 【5】 SCI signal: the magic medicine will come back! Low dose aspirin may be effective against multiple sclerosis! Doi: 10.1126/scientific.aar8278 recently, in a research report published in the international journal Science Signaling, scientists from the Lenox Mountain hospital in Manhattan found that low-dose aspirin may help effectively resist the occurrence of multiple sclerosis by studying mice Although the current research is carried out in mice, the researchers believe that the results of this study are expected to be transformed into human clinical trials later Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease, in which abnormal immune T cells attack and destroy the protective myelin protein on the surface of nerve cells Now there are more than 2.3 million people with multiple sclerosis around the world, said asaff Harel, a researcher Previous studies have shown that aspirin can effectively improve the weakness and other symptoms of patients with multiple sclerosis Photo source: en.wikipedia.org [6] JAMA Oncol: taking low-dose aspirin or reducing the risk of ovarian cancer doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.4149 in American women, ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer-related death There is increasing evidence that inflammation plays a role in the development of ovarian cancer, and it has been noted that local inflammation during ovulation may be a driving factor Some analysts say aspirin reduces the risk of ovarian cancer by reducing inflammation Although previous studies have attempted to determine whether aspirin and other common anti-inflammatory drugs affect the risk of ovarian cancer, their results are inconsistent In a new study, researchers from Harvard Chen Zengxi School of public health and other institutions analyzed data of 205498 women as part of the nurses' Health Study (NHS) and nurses' Health Study II Of these women, 1054 had ovarian cancer They studied women taking standard aspirin, low-dose aspirin, non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) in addition to aspirin, paracetamol, and information about the number of tablets taken, frequency of use, time taken, and duration of use 【7】 NEJM: a single dose of new influenza drugs may shorten the symptoms of influenza patients by one day doi: 10.1056/nejmoa1716197 recently, an International Journal of New England Journal of In the study report on medicine, scientists from the University of Virginia found that a single dose of new influenza drugs can effectively shorten the time of illness in adolescents and adults This study reports the results of two multicenter, double-blind, randomized clinical trials The results show that baloxavir marboxil, an anti influenza drug, can shorten the influenza symptoms of healthy adolescents and adults by about one day, and can quickly and effectively remove the influenza virus from the body of patients compared with placebo This large phase III clinical trial The results showed that the effect of baloxavir on patients' symptoms was similar to that of oseltamivir (Tamiflu) for 5 days, and the drug also had obvious antiviral potential Moreover, the researchers did not find the important side effects of baloxavir in this study 【8】 JCR jiaidss: magic medicine shows its power! Low dose aspirin can effectively inhibit HIV infection and transmission! Doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.03.010 doi: 10.1002/jia2.25150 recently, scientists from the University of Manitoba and other institutions in Canada found that low-dose aspirin may be expected to inhibit the spread of HIV, relevant research published in the International Journal of controlled release and Journal of the International AIDS Society HIV infection rates are still high in the population, especially among young African women In this study, researchers tested the effect of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA or aspirin) and other anti-inflammatory drugs on HIV targeted cells by conducting a joint study on a group of women with low risk of HIV from Kenya The preliminary results, published in the Journal of the International AIDS Society, are based on the role of inflammation in HIV transmission 【9】 Nutrition: higher dose of vitamin C or earlier improvement of cold doi: the linear relationship between the dose of 10.3390/nu9040339 vitamin C and its effect on the duration of common cold symptoms may be extended to 6-8g / D (i.e 6-8g / day) Dozens of animal studies using different animal species have found that vitamin C significantly prevents and reduces infections caused by a variety of bacteria, viruses and protozoa Considering the universality of vitamin C's effect on the resistance of different animal species to multiple infections, it seems obvious that vitamin C affects the susceptibility and severity of human infection However, the practical significance of vitamin C for human infection is unknown The common cold is the most widely studied infection when considering the effects of vitamins on infection Most of the control trials used a moderate dose of vitamin C: only 1g / d A pooled analysis of all published studies showed a statistically significant difference between the vitamin C group and the placebo group, indicating that there was a real biological effect of vitamin C However, the optimal dose and maximum effect of vitamins on the common cold are unknown The effect of clinical trials with vitamin C higher than 1G / D is usually greater than that with vitamin C of 1G / D, which suggests a dose-dependent effect However, people are not able to draw a clear conclusion from this comparison, because there are many different differences in these clinical trials Therefore, the most effective dose-response study is to randomly select trial groups with different vitamin C doses in a single clinical trial, so that when the virus exposure is similar, the results obtained in these trial groups are defined as the same 【10】 Redox Biol: to reveal the mechanism of high-dose vitamin C killing cancer cells doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.10.010 as a cancer therapy, vitamin C is not so perfect, but researchers from the University of Iowa think it is because people often use it in a way doomed to failure Most vitamin C treatments involve taking the substance orally However, researchers at the University of Iowa have confirmed that intravenous vitamin C bypasses normal gastrointestinal metabolism and secretion