How the "live vaccine" is fighting HIV

the early morning of the first day of December, the weather in Beijing was somewhat cold and coldSaturday's Beijing ConcordHospitalthe clinic's center of clinical pharmacology looked quietHowever, a world-wide innovation of the experiment is quietly beginning here: two young college student volunteers were vaccinated against the replication of The Temple of Heavenpox AIDS vaccine, China's independent intellectual property rights of the replication of the carrier AIDS vaccine began the first step in clinical trialsDNA - Tiantan pox compound AIDS vaccine has what characteristics, and the current international AIDS vaccine what is different, what effect may be produced, the reporter with these questions interviewed the leading researcher of the studyThe AIDS vaccine community was once again in a state of frustration and embarrassment in October when
the aids vaccine community was once again frustrated and embarrassed by the virus's response to the virus's mutationOriginally thought to be the most promising by merck in the United States developed a non-replicated adenovirus vector AIDS vaccine, because in the mid-term analysis of clinical trials can not protect the subject infected with HIV, nor reduce the virus load in the infected person, was again declared failedIn the long journey to study AIDS vaccine, more than 100 clinical trials have been conducted, two of which have completed Phase III clinical trials of the vaccine have failedFaced with the results of failure and the rapid spread of AIDS, experts and scholars began to re-examine the AIDS vaccine design conceptThe international failure of the AIDS vaccine is the protein vaccine and non-replicated vector vaccine, both belong to the dead vaccineCountries use this route for AIDS vaccines, but according to different countries of HIV, "carrying different goods."Immunity is not strong, not durable has been a difficult problem in the development of AIDS vaccine, dead vaccine to change this situation seems helplessThe replication of the Temple of Heavenpox AIDS vaccine is adopted is a different from the mainstream of innovation" We use live smallpox vaccine to carry the HIV gene, with the ability to replicate, in the body continue to stimulate the immune system, can produce a strong immune system Non-replicated vector vaccination is one, while replication vector vaccination can turn into hundreds of thousands, and the replica live vaccine not only stimulates stronger immunity, but also lasts for a long time, said Mr Yi As for the reporter's question about HIV mutation, he said it was a technical issue, not a scientific one "As long as the first vaccine is proven to be effective and solvethethe the scientific problems of the AIDS vaccine, the AIDS vaccine can be as convenient as the flu vaccine, the vaccine is prepared in advance for the current variant of the virus, and soon 10, dozens of vaccines to deal with various variants." Using the longest-ever live smallpox vaccine vector
the vaccine is a live vaccine vector that has been deterred by many research and development teams around the world, as the risk of the widespread safety of live vaccines is generally increased " Foreign AIDS vaccine research and development by large companies, large companies, under the premise of considering economic benefits, will adopt 100% safe technical route, and will not start from the overall public interest, take a more scientific route Yin Yiming said that the zero-risk route is one of the important reasons why the international AIDS vaccine has not produced effective immunization protection As early as the early 1990s, the U.S company used the New York smallpox vaccine as a carrier to carry out live vaccine research, but because of the adjustment of business strategy and half-baked Yan Yiming has specifically sent to the United States to conduct a comprehensive survey of the study of smallpox live virus vector, the risk of an in-depth and careful assessment " All vaccines are at risk, and we don't have to follow the Western route Instead, we should take a scientific path of our own from the perspective of public health, grasp the appropriate risk ratio "Twelve years ago, with the support of the National 863 Program, Ni Yiming decided to use the longest-used live smallpox vaccine in China as a carrier for AIDS vaccine research Vaccination against smallpox is commonly known as "pox" "In fact, china from the Song Dynasty has a 'kind of pox', is the earliest practice of human use of vaccines Unlike mathematics and physics, medicine can use formulas to derive results The safety of vaccines and drugs can only be tested by practice, and the longer the history of human use, the more people, the more accurate and safe the safety will be "I'm going to say, " he said The smallpox vaccine is the longest-used vaccine and the most successful vaccine, which was used by humans to eliminate smallpox on Earth in 1979 China's smallpox vaccine ——— tiantan plant pox virus is the World Health Organization to the international recommended one of the four major smallpox vaccine The AIDS gene is carried on the smallpox vaccine, which is called the "multi-price vaccine" in the profession "Maybe one day, with a vaccine, BOTH AIDS and smallpox can be prevented." "I said with a smile, " he said with a smile The detoxification of the smallpox vaccine reduces side effects
although the safety of the vaccine vector has been fully proven in the application of hundreds of millions of people, but to further reduce the side effects, Yan Yiming and his team still have a lot of effort He first asked Zhao Kai, an expert on smallpox vaccine in China, to get the details of the side effects of the anti-smallpox vaccine in china when the older generation of scientists summarized the elimination of smallpox in China Data analysis showed that more than 80% of the side effects of the smallpox vaccine occurred in children under 5 years of age And high-risk AIDS population is not children's , can avoid most of the side effects The analysis also found that the side effects of smallpox vaccine in China are much smaller than those in foreign countries One of the reasons is that, unlike crude ceiling seedlings prepared with foreign cattle skin tissue, China's Temple of Heavenpox virus is a refined vaccine prepared through the process of cell culture and detoxification In designing the recombination position of the HIV vaccine and the Tiantan strain of pox virus, they deliberately used the four genes of HIV to "steal" the gene with the largest side effects of smallpox virus, so that the safety and effectiveness of the recombinant vaccine to achieve a balance Animal trials have fully validated this design, and when the monkeys were vaccinated at the same dose, the original smallpox vaccine produced thumb-sized pox spots, while the new AIDS vaccine was only the size of rice grains Trials in several animal models have shown that the toxicity of the primary smallpox vaccine has been reduced by 10 to 10,000 times Monkey testing has also shown that the vaccine is not only safe, but also can produce AIDS antibodies, effectively protecting monkeys from AIDS infection " Phase I clinical trials are only the beginning, AIDS vaccine has to go through a number of clinical trials and FDA approval, to determine whether to advance to Phase II and Phase III, which is a long-term research process Yan Yiming said that phase I clinical will carry out safety tests, 46 volunteers in two stages, phase II will test immunogenicity, that is, whether AIDS antibodies can be produced, III phase will test immune protection, that is, antibodies surrounded by "copper wall" can effectively resist HIV attacks, protect the human body from HIV infection A new innovative approach has opened a new door to the development of AIDS vaccine and brought new hope Good news is to be expected of whether this vaccine will eventually become a powerful weapon in the fight against AIDS (Liu)