How do scientists look for biomarkers that indicate a variety of human diseases?

"!-- webeditor:page title" -- In this article, several important studies have been compiled to focus on how scientists look for biomarkers that indicate multiple diseases. Share it with everyone! Photo credit: Dr. Cecil Fox, National Cancer Institute( 1) PNAS: Phosphate proteins can be used as biomarkers for cancer treatment doi:10.1073/pnas.20101031117 Precision medicine in cancer treatment refers to the use of genetic variation in cancer cells to select the best treatment for individual patients.
Now led by Dr. James Bibb, a professor of surgery at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, researchers have found that a broader range of post-translational modification analyses can be used to identify new biomarkers that drive cancer, allowing patients to more accurately predict how they will respond to treatment.
study, published in the journal PNAS, they demonstrated this diagnostic alternative to neuroendocrine tumors driven by the abnormally active protein kinase Cdk5.
researchers say our findings suggest that precision medicine is an achievable goal in treating rare cancers, and that the same approach can be used to identify markers of other tumor drivers.
with an increase in the number of cancer types involved in the Cdk5 variant, as well as the potential for selective targeting of Cdk5 drugs being pushed into the clinic.
potential for clinical transformation of this diagnostic-therapeutic coupling system will be vast.
": Clin Cancer Res: New Results! Scientists identify new biomarkers that can indicate poor prognosis for endometrial cancer patients doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-19-4088, a study published in the international journal Clinical Cancer Research In the study, scientists from the Queensland University of Technology and others found new biomarkers that indicate poor prognosis for endometrial cancer, a new type of cancer biomarker and diagnostic method that may help effectively diagnose tumor types that are prone to proliferation and recurrence, helping researchers treat patients early and block cancer cells from attacking other parts of the body.
The new biomarker could help researchers develop new therapies that precisely target cancer cells before they spread,' said researcher Pamela Pollock. Now we've developed and optimized a new technology to specifically detect genes that cause malignant endometrial and uterine cancers. Mutations, biomarkers based on mutations in the FGFR2 gene (Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2, fibroblast growth factor receptor), were expressed in 40 percent of the 386 patient tumor samples studied in this study.
( 3) BJBMS: Identification of the independent biomarker doi:10.17305/bjbms.2020.4620 Although scientists have made many advances in the diagnosis and therapeutic research of stomach cancer in recent years, it is still an important public health problem, so in addition to classical methods, scientists need new biometric molecules to help predict the prognosis of gastric cancer and develop targeted therapies.
, scientists from Turkey's Feirat University identified a new independent prognosm index for stomach cancer in a study published in the international journal Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences.
researchers say P2X7 is a special molecule that is thought to play a number of important roles in inflammatory events and cancer progress, and that the subject is located on the cell membrane and increases its level in many types of cancer.
Previously, researchers found that P2X7 subjects may be biomarkers of adverse prognostics of a variety of malignant tumors, such as pancreatic, colorectal and kidney cancers, but after recent studies of cancer cell line, scientists have found that P2X7-like antagonists are effective in slowing tumor growth, but no detailed clinical studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of P2X7 on the prognostic effects of P2X7 on the treatment of stomach cancer patients.
: The biomarker of Parkinson's disease in the gut, doi:10.1038/s41593-020-0589-7 Parkinson's disease (PD), is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease that impairs the motor function of millions of older people worldwide.
, people with PD experience symptoms of gastrointestinal dysfunction, such as constipation, years before the onset of exercise symptoms.
tests on the brains of people with Parkinson's disease showed alpha-synth nucleoprotein (alpha-Syn) lumps in the brain cells that control movement.
In a recent study, researchers at the California Institute of Technology implanted alpha-Syn aggregates into intestinal neurons in mice and found that these lumps can spread upward, affecting neurons in the brain, a process linked to age.
normally, the enzymes produced by mice break down these lumps, but as they get older, they may lose that ability, which may explain why Parkinson's disease is high in older people.
researchers showed that injecting mice with vector drugs with genes that encode the enzyme helped reduce the build-up of lumps and restore normal function to the intestines to some extent.
: New biomarkers for identifying cancer stem cells Promise to develop highly effective anti-cancer therapies doi:10.1038/s41598-019-51004-3 In the world of cancer biology, not all biomarkers are the same, and these molecules can alert doctors that abnormal processes in the patient's body may be under way, in the form of a series of abnormal proteins, such as hormones, enzymes, or signaling molecules, and that they vary from person to person.
Because it's a mixture, no drug is effective at targeting it; in a recent study published in the international journal Scientific Reports, scientists from the University of Houston and others found a new biomarker in cancer stem cells that could actually direct the survival and spread of cancer, and the results could potentially help researchers develop new drugs to target cancer stem cells, thereby curbing cancer progression.
!--/ewebeditor:page--!--ewebeditor:page-title"--researcher Gomika Udugamasooriya says we found this protein called mesh protein in cancer stem cells. Plectin's new biomarker, mesh protein, may be used as a new target to help researchers develop available cancer drugs; mesh protein is a special structural protein that is expressed primarily in cells, but is directly related to the invasive and metastasis of tumors on cell surfaces.
photo Source: medicalxpress.com/Nat Med: Scientists have successfully identified 1,178 biomarkers or are expected to help predict the progression of prostate cancer: 10.1038/s41591-019-0579-z In a recent study published in the international journal Nature Medicine, scientists from the University of California and others identified 1,178 biomarkers in the male genome that could help effectively predict the growth of prostate cancer in the male body, suggesting that clues to the progression of prostate cancer in men may be in their genetic DNA. In the
article, the researchers focused on a biological process called DNA methylation, in which DNA methylated cells turn genes on or off to promote natural physiological changes, and DNA methylation begins when special chemical groups (methyl groups) are added to key parts of DNA that control cell function, such as protein production, which often blocks DNA methylation when it forms to help cancer cells grow and spread by turning cell function on and off.
: Scientists have discovered a new biomarker for type 1 diabetes, doi:10.1007/s00125-019-04980-0. Researchers from the Turku Center for Biological Sciences in Finland recently found a new biomarker in the blood that indicates type 1 diabetes.
may help to understand the early pathogenesis of the disease.
the highest incidence of type 1 diabetes among children under 15 years of age.
, in many developed countries, the prevalence of the disease among children is increasing.
using the latest metabolomic methods, researchers at the Turku Center for Biological Sciences found changes in metabolites in the blood prior to the emergence of islet autoantibodies.
findings may be important for finding early markers of type 1 diabetes and understanding the pathogenesis of the disease.
in current clinical practice, islet autoantibodies are the first detectable pathogenesis.
However, it may be too late for autoantibodies to be detected to prevent the occurrence and development of diabetes;
JCI Insights: New biomarkers can diagnose severe renal allergic reactions doi:10.1172/jci.insight.127456 In a study published in the international journal JCI Insights, medical researchers from Johns Hopkins University identified two protein biomarkers in urine that could one day be used to better diagnose acute interstitrinitis (AIN).
AIN is an undiagnosed but treatable kidney disease that impairs kidney function in the short term.
, if left unable to control, can lead to permanent damage or kidney failure.
acute interstitrinal nephritis is a condition characterized by inflammation and swelling of the renal tubes, which are tiny portals to filter blood in the kidneys.
result, tubes do not properly re-absorb water and useful organic substances, such as glucose and amino acids, or secrete waste such as urea and creatinine into the urine.
AIN is usually the result of an autoimmune disease or allergic reaction to more than 100 drugs, including antibiotics, painkillers and antacids.
estimates that the disease accounts for 15 to 20 per cent of all hospitalizations for acute kidney injuries.
, the only way to diagnose AIN is to examine the kidney tissue obtained through a biopsy, which put the patient at risk of complications.
addition, samples can sometimes be misunderstood or produce uncertain results.
: The blood biomarker doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-0984-y5.5 million Australians, including more than 40 per cent of adults over the age of 50, have experienced fat accumulation in the liver (i.e. fatty liver, also known as fatty liver disease).
fatty liver is the result of a combination of genetic and environmental factors that affect the age and severity of the disease.
experts now describe the disease as a hidden epidemic that increases liver transplant rates, leads to a range of diseases and ultimately death.
fatty livers are usually asymptomatic at an early stage, and most of the current techniques are too late to diagnose major diseases.
But now, in a new study, researchers from Monash University in Australia, the University of Sydney, the Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute and the University of California, San Francisco, have for the first time found that biomarkers in the blood can predict the accumulation of toxic fat in the liver, a sign of early fatty liver disease.
these predictions can be based on lipid mass spectrometrometrometetet in the blood.
study was published in the journal Nature.
are a risk factor for diabetes and heart disease, which, if left unneddered, can eventually lead to liver cancer and liver failure, according to researchers.
is expected to be the main cause of liver transplants in the next 10 to 20 years.
we determined that a group of fats in the blood may reflect fatty liver progress.
we hope this finding may lead to the development of blood tests that avoid invasive biopsies or surgery to identify those most likely to have advanced fatty liver disease.
:Cell: Ring RNA is expected to play an interesting role as a cancer biomarker doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.12.021 As new technology allows scientists to delve deeper into genomes and exon groups, a new class of RNA called circular circRNA (circular circRNA) may play an interesting role.
In a new study, researchers from the University of Michigan cataloged circRNA from a variety of cancers and conducted preliminary studies that suggest that these stable structures may act as biomarkers of cancer in blood or urine, the study was published in the journal Cell.
!--/ewebeditor:page--!--ewebeditor:page title"--circRNA is a non-coding RNA that forms a closed ring structure rather than a linear structure.
RNA sequencing methods have exposed these circRNAs, little is known about why or how they work.
but their stable structure makes them ideal candidates for cancer biomarkers.
the new study, which identified the circRNA directory in cancer and built a database for future research, the researchers said, 'I am very excited about the potential of circRNA as a non-invasive biomarker.'
given that.