How do cancer cells sleep? These articles are worth learning!

In this paper, I have compiled several research reports to jointly interpret the dormancy mechanism of cancer cells and share them with you! Photo source: en.wikipedia.org [1] NAT commun: unexpected! Breast cancer can form "dormant cell" after drug treatment! Doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-11721-9 recently, an international journal Nature In the report on communications, scientists from Imperial College of technology in London found that breast cancer can form "dormant cells" after drug treatment The research team studied a group of breast cancer drugs called hormone therapy They said their research opened the way for finding a way to make cancer cells dormant for a longer time, or even possible Finding ways to wake up cancer cells so they can be killed by treatment, researchers say, has long been a debate among scientists about whether hormone therapy works by killing breast cancer cells or putting them into a dormant "dormant" state This is an important issue because most breast cancers are treated with hormone therapy Our findings suggest that these drugs may actually kill some cells and turn others into this dormant state If we can unravel the secrets of these dormant cells, we may be able to find a way to prevent the recurrence of cancer, either by keeping them in a permanent sleep mode, or by waking them up and killing them 【2】 Cancer Res: understanding the mechanism of tumor dormancy is expected to develop a new type of anti-cancer therapy doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3437 Recently, an international journal published in cancer In the research report, scientists from the Federal University of Virginia have developed a new method to detect cancer cells in vivo through research, which may help to develop new therapies targeting and destroying dormant cancer cells Cancer cells usually migrate from their original organs and hide in other parts of the body in an inactive state These cells can be activated at any time and will cause the risk of early cancer recurrence and metastatic diseases Once the disease begins to spread, the possibility of curing cancer will be greatly reduced The dormancy of tumor is still a big challenge and difficulty for scientists to engage in cancer research, and the identification and killing of dormant tumor cells is also a big obstacle to develop new cancer therapy In this study, researchers may be able to develop a new anti-cancer therapy by targeting dormant cancer cells Researcher David Gewirtz said: 'at present, we don't know the molecular mechanism of tumor cells surviving for months or even years in vivo This study shows that one form of tumor dormancy may be aging, that is, a long-term growth stagnation We can induce tumor cells through chemotherapy and radiotherapy In fact, if the dormant tumor In this state of aging, it is possible to use "immortal agents" to eliminate them 【3】 Blood: specific genes can make cancer cells sleep, an international research team recently reported that they have found key genes that can make certain cancer cells sleep Whether these genes play a role is also related to the microenvironment of cancer cells This achievement is expected to help prevent the metastasis and recurrence of specific cancer in the future According to reports, after cancer cells are dormant, it is difficult for the human immune system to recognize and attack them, and chemotherapy drugs are difficult to play a role in them, so dormant cancer cells are a major risk factor for cancer metastasis and recurrence Cui fan, an associate professor at the Gavin Institute of medicine in Australia, who led the study, told Xinhua that the medical community has been trying to understand the mechanism of cancer cells entering the dormancy state, which helps to develop targeted drugs to identify and kill these cancer cells Researchers from Gavin Institute of medicine and weizman Institute of Science in Israel, a team, published a paper in the new issue of American Journal of blood, said that they used two-photon microscope to identify myeloma cells in dormant state in experimental animals 【4】 Science: heavyweight! In a new study, researchers from the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) in the United States identified one of the ways in which cancer in remission bounces back This knowledge promotes a new therapeutic concept aimed at preventing cancer recurrence and metastasis Even after successful cancer treatment, dormant, undivided cancer cells that had previously been isolated from primitive tumors may still exist elsewhere in the body If awakened, these cancer cells can proliferate and grow into metastatic tumors The researchers, who study lung metastasis, now identify signals that wake dormant cancer cells up with inflammation, the results of which are published in the journal Science Whether inflammation can directly lead to cancer recurrence, if so, it is still unclear how it causes it In the new study, the researchers confirmed that persistent lung inflammation, including that caused by tobacco smoke exposure, can wake up dormant breast and prostate cancer cells that have spread to the lungs and start dividing them These cancer cells are now able to form metastases in the lungs For most common cancers, tumor metastasis leads to most cancer deaths 【5】 Nature: heavyweight! New anticancer drugs may keep cancer cells in a state of permanent dormancy! Doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0387-5 recently, in a research report published in the international journal Nature, scientists from Walter and Eliza Hall Medical Research Institute in Melbourne, Australia, found a new type of anti-cancer drug for the first time through their research, which can make cancer cells in a permanent dormancy state, while avoiding the harmful side effects of conventional cancer therapy The researchers said the new anticancer drug can effectively block the growth and spread of tumors without damaging the DNA of normal cells, so the new drug may be expected to help researchers develop new therapies for various cancers, such as liver cancer and blood cancer In this paper, the researchers investigated whether the inhibition of kat6a and kat6b can help to effectively treat cancer; these new drugs can target the above two proteins, and the proteins kat6a and kat6b play a key role in driving cancer occurrence, and kat6a is the 12th most common gene involved in cancer occurrence According to researcher Thomas, we have found that the life expectancy of animal models with lymphoma can be quadrupled by eliminating kat6a Since kat6a is the main driver of cancer, researchers want to find new ways to inhibit this protein and treat cancer Photo source: NIH [6] NAT commun: autophagy or one of the main culprits for the recurrence of dormant breast cancer cells doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-04070-6 the recurrence of the tumor after the initial diagnosis and treatment is the main cause of death of breast cancer patients, because dormant tumor cells will metastasize The change of tumor microenvironment can activate the signal pathway of dormant cells and lead to their proliferation But researchers don't know about the short-term and long-term survival of dormant breast cancer cells involved in metastasis Recently, scientists from the National Institutes of health and MD Anderson Cancer Center of the University of Texas, led by Professor Kent W hunter and Jeffrey E green, cancer biology and genetics Department of Cancer Research Institute, found that autophagy is a key mechanism for the survival of metastatic dormant breast cancer cells Inhibition of autophagy of dormant breast cancer cells by drugs or genetics can significantly inhibit the survival time of cancer cells and the formation of metastasis in mice and human breast cancer preclinical dormancy 3D model In vivo experiments, the researchers found that autophagy related gene 7 (Atg7) is a key gene involved in autophagy activation In mechanism, inhibition of autophagy pathway in dormant breast cancer cells leads to damage of mitochondria and accumulation of reactive oxygen species, which leads to cancer cell apoptosis 【7】 Why do cancer cells sleep? How to use innovative therapy to kill dormant cancer cells? News reading: why cancer cells go to sleep has been regarded as a disease that can progress rapidly and is not controlled, but this view seems to be wrong The latest research evidence shows that cancer cells can survive by using "accelerator" and "brake" Surgery is usually very effective, but for some unlucky patients, their cancer will recur When they enter this stage, they need to use hormone therapy and chemotherapy, but even these therapies may not be able to effectively end the cancer For some patients, when the cancer enters a period of dormancy, the disease will recover Hair During the period of cancer dormancy (often lasting for many years), patients usually do not show corresponding symptoms, and the presence of tumors can not be detected by conventional diagnostic tools So far, we know little about the critical period of cancer However, researchers hope to conduct more in-depth research to clarify that cancer dormancy period is related to tumors The key role of progress 【8】 Technology: scientists have developed a new platform that can effectively analyze the characteristics of dormant cancer cells doi: 10.1142/s2339547817500078 recently, a research report published in the international journal technology, researchers from the University of twin cities, Minnesota, USA have developed a new encapsulation app through research Roach), which can effectively identify the dormant cancer cells and keep them in dormant state; the researchers said that the new technology can use a hard silica peg matrix to fix the cells, which can inhibit the movement and proliferation of cells, while exerting selective pressure on cells The immobilization of silica -PEG matrix is usually achieved through a compatible sol-gel encapsulation method, which can generate porous porous media to meet the sufficient nutritional needs of cells, gas diffusion and meet the metabolic needs of cells, but if the pores are too small, cell motility and proliferation will be inhibited According to the researchers, the validation of the model accelerated the development of the research field of tumor dormancy We all know that the special metastasis of cancer is usually caused by dormant cells, and scientists are difficult to target the dormant cancer cells If they can separate and study these dormant cells, they can develop special methods to effectively kill them 【9】 EMBO: a new combination of drugs has successfully dormant cancer cells recently In a research report published in the international journal EMBO, researchers from Newcastle and Dundee University have found another way for breast cancer drug palbociclib to drive malignant cells into cell death and aging Palbociclib is a drug for the treatment of advanced estrogen receptor positive breast cancer It induces cell cycle arrest and aging, which is an irreversible resting state, indicating that these "disordered" cells are eliminated by the immune system It is worth noting how palbociclib drives cancer cells into senescence