Heavy! Scientists completed genome analysis of 28,000 tumor samples from 66 cancer types and identified 568 cancer-driven genes!

August 25, 2020 // -- In a recent study published in the international journal Nature Reviews Cancer entitled "A compendium of mutational cancer driver genes", scientists from the Institute of Biomedical Research in Barcelona and other institutions Analysis of the genomes of 28,000 tumor samples from six cancer types identified 568 cancer-driven genes; the findings could update data from the current Integrated Cancer Genome Platform (IntOGen) and hopefully help scientists discover mutated cancer-driven genes.
researchers say the results provide the most complete map of cancer-driven genes to date, a particular type of disease characterized by out-of-control cell growth due to mutations and other mutations in the genome of cells, where tumors can exhibit hundreds or even thousands of mutations, but only some of which are critical to the tumor's ability to occur, and the search for genes that carry cancer-driven mutations is the main goal of scientists in current cancer research.
Photo Source: Institute for Research in Biomedicine-IRB The researchers identified 568 cancer-driven genes that regulate cell growth and cell growth through extensive computational analysis of about 28,000 tumor samples from 66 cancer types Cycles and DNA replication play a key role, and when these genes mutate (especially those that mediate the rapid proliferation and proliferation of malignant cells), cancer cells can evade the host immune system and other defense systems, and can quickly spread and invade other tissues, while they modify the environment for their own development. Revealing these cancer-driven genes may provide some indication to scientists in clinical and basic research to help them make decisions later, says
researcher López-Bigas; if we know that tumors' ability to develop depends on specific proteins, for example, we can use approved targeted therapies to treat cancer patients, such as antibodies and other inhibitors that inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells.
As the researchers discovered 568 cancer-driven genes, they began to notice that most of them were highly specific and that mutations induced a portion of tumors; however, this was only a small fraction, accounting for less than 2 percent of the cancer-driven genes identified by the researchers, but they were more widely functional and could induce more than 20 types of cancer.
Although we already know that cancer-driven genes are specific to varying degrees when they are first identified, the results of this study may help researchers learn more details; previously, researchers have found that cancer may be triggered by an average of four key mutations in the cancer-driven gene, and that certain types of cancer characterized by fewer mutations can have only one mutation in those genes, while other typical cancers exhibit multiple mutations, such as colorectal cancer and uterine tumors, which can manifest as many as 10 mutations.
other genomic changes, such as structural mutations, changes in the number of copies of genes, and mutations that affect non-coding regions of the genome, can also induce tumors.
In this study, researchers used these positively selected signals to identify the drivers of mutations, and in order to calculate these signals, researchers needed to accurately model mutations accumulated by all genes in a neutral state, making it very easy to identify any genes that deviate from the expected pattern.
looking for signals to choose may hopefully help find the drivers of mutations, such as unusually high numbers of mutations in genes or the unexpected distribution of mutations along the gene sequence.
Finally, in this review, the researchers say they updated data from the open platform IndoGen, which includes calculating the signal values of all mutation-driven genes, and that the IntOGen platform could provide the ideal infrastructure for system updates, as more tumor sequencing data will be released into public databases later in life.
() References: 1:568 genesed with the potential to trigger cancer (2) Martínez-Jiménez, F., Muiños, F., Sentís, I. et al. A compendium of mutational cancer driver genes. Nat Rev Cancer (2020). doi:10.1038/s41568-020-0290-x.