Give full play to the advantages of reclamation area and vitalize soybean industry

Introduction: Heilongjiang reclamation area is the main production area of soybean in China The annual total output of soybean is more than 1.6 million tons, accounting for 30% of the total output of soybean in the province, accounting for 12% of the total output of soybean in the country The reclamation area plays a very important role in the development of national soybean industry After China's accession to the WTO, the first challenge for China's agriculture is the soybean industry Soybean industry is related to the national economy and people's livelihood, and its sustainable development is of great significance As the most important oil, feed raw materials and food crops, the changes of supply and demand and price of soybean affect a series of changes such as edible oil, breeding cost of animal husbandry, people's living consumption and nutrition level From the perspective of resource allocation, China is more and more dependent on imported soybeans At present, China has become the largest soybean importer in the world It is estimated that the imported soybeans will reach 14 million tons in 2001, which is basically equivalent to the total output of domestic soybeans in the whole year However, the domestic soybean industry is stagnant, with insufficient production and demand, low price for a long time, low comparative benefit, and more and more development space Small, once because of political reasons or the contradiction between the distribution of interests and the export of China, China will be in a very unfavorable situation The soybean industry is related to the status and image of China's agriculture, the national food security and economic security, and the vital interests of millions of farmers Recently, Du Qinglin, Minister of agriculture, stressed during his inspection work in Heilongjiang that "the reclamation area should play the role of the national team in the soybean industry" It further clarifies the status and role of the soybean industry in the reclamation area in China, and takes the lead in revitalizing the soybean industry, which has fallen on the shoulder of the reclamation area First, the gap between China's soybean industry and the world's soybean industry 1 From the perspective of soybean planting area: from 1961 to 2000, the world soybean industry has developed rapidly In 2000, the world soybean planting area was 73.44 million hectares, the per unit yield was 2206 kg / ha (147 kg / mu), and the yield was 161.99 million tons, three times, two times and six times of that in 1961 In 1961, the soybean planting area of China and the United States were 10 million hectares, accounting for 42% and 46% of the world soybean planting area, respectively After 40 years of development, the soybean planting area of the United States increased by 2.7 times, reaching 2943 Ten thousand hectares, accounting for 40% of the world's soybean planting area, while China's soybean planting area has declined by 10% According to relevant data, in 2001, China's soybean planting area was only 9.07 million hectares, another 240000 hectares less than last year, accounting for 12% of the world's soybean planting area 2 In terms of soybean per unit yield, soybean per unit yield in the world has been greatly developed in the past 40 years In 2000, the U.S soybean yield per unit area was 170 kg, ranking first in the world; Brazil's yield per unit area was 160 kg, Argentina's yield per unit area was 157 kg, China's yield was 1705 kg / ha, and per mu yield was 114 kg The gap between the U.S and Argentina's soybean yield per unit area and the former three countries was growing It is worth noting that Brazil's soybean yield per unit area has been increasing for eight consecutive years since 1991 Unlike the U.S and Argentina's, Brazil's soybean yield per unit area is high Production does not depend on transgenic technology, but on the progress of agricultural technology 3 In terms of total output: in 2000, the world's total soybean output was 161.99 million tons, of which 75.38 million tons were produced in the United States, accounting for 42% of the world's total soybean output; Brazil was the second, accounting for 32.69 million tons, accounting for 20%; Argentina was 20.20 million tons, accounting for 12%; China was the fourth, 15.4 million tons, accounting for 10% 4 In terms of demand: the consumption of soybeans in the world is increasing rapidly With the development of world economy, population, animal husbandry, oil extraction and processing industry, the demand for soybeans is increasing rapidly In recent years, many countries have made new breakthroughs in the nutritional value and comprehensive development and utilization of soybeans Soybeans have won the world's reputation for their high nutritional value and wide range of uses According to FAO statistics, the world soybean consumption reached 16.08 million tons in 1999, an increase of 20% over 1995 Since 1996, domestic demand has changed from a net soybean exporter to a net importer Soybean imports have increased year by year By 2000, the total domestic soybean consumption is close to 22 million tons 5 From the production cost and processing yield of soybean per mu, the cost of domestic soybean per mu is 10% - 30% higher than that of "foreign soybean", and the oil yield of "foreign soybean" is generally 2% - 3% higher than that of domestic soybean, which has a great impact on the income of processing enterprises From the above comparison, it can be clearly seen that the gap between China's soybean industry and foreign soybean industry, like the whole agriculture, is a weak industry with weak competitiveness Facing the fact that China's soybean industry is wandering, shrinking and tends to be weak, it has a long way to go to change the backward situation of China's soybean industry Second, the favorable conditions for revitalizing the soybean industry in the reclamation area 1 Most farms in the reclamation area are located in Sanjiang Plain and Songnen Plain, which are recognized as soybean planting belts in the world They have unique natural environment and ecological advantages in developing soybean industry 2 In the development process of several decades, the reclamation area has possessed the unique advantages of developing soybean industry, which is mainly reflected in the solid material foundation for developing soybean industry, the high degree of soybean production organization, strong mechanization force and perfect professional service facilities 3 The reclamation area has a strong scientific research institute and professional personnel team of soybean industry, which will play a very important role in the implementation of "science and technology to revitalize soybean industry" 4 The soybean varieties in the reclamation area are diversified, and the per unit yield level is higher than the national average level, reaching 150 kg, which is equivalent to the per unit yield of Argentine soybean Moreover, the reclamation areas are all non transgenic soybeans with high protein content, which are popular in the international market and have strong market competitiveness 5 The reclamation area has established a certain scale of soybean deep processing enterprises and leading enterprises, which will add strength to the revitalization and development of soybean industry 6 The revitalization of the soybean industry has been unanimously recognized and agreed by the state and the reclamation area At this year's enlarged meeting of the Party committee of the reclamation area, the plan for the revitalization of soybean production has been put forward Du Qinglin, Minister of agriculture, pointed out during his inspection work in the reclamation area that "the development of soybean should have one goal, that is, one year's effectiveness, three years' obvious achievements and five years' turnaround" It is believed that with the strong support of the state, some relevant policies and measures for the development of the soybean industry will be issued, which is an important guarantee for the realization of the development goal of the soybean industry in the reclamation area 3 Measures to revitalize the soybean industry in the reclamation area 1 The first measure to revitalize the soybean industry in the reclamation area is to implement the strategy of "vitalizing the soybean industry by science and technology" First of all, we should combine the current situation of soybean industry development in the reclamation area, put forward the strategic development plan and implementation goal of "vitalizing soybean by science and technology" on the basis of scientific demonstration, further strengthen the basic scientific research of soybean and the promotion and application of new soybean technology in the reclamation area through the special approval of the state and the support and investment of soybean industry, so as to transform the new scientific and technological achievements of soybean into productivity as soon as possible 2 To carry out the innovation project of soybean seed, soybean variety is the key point of "developing soybean by science and technology", especially the cultivation, innovation, popularization and application of high protein variety (more than 42% of protein content) and high oil soybean variety (more than 21% of fat content), so as to improve the per unit yield of soybean, improve the quality of soybean, reduce the production cost, enhance its market competitiveness, and reduce the advanced water of soybean in the world Flat gap 3 Strengthen the popularization of soybean scientific knowledge and the training of soybean professional technology The popularization of scientific knowledge of soybean is very important to improve the overall quality of soybean industry personnel, and it is the basic measure of "vitalizing soybean by science and technology" This popularization and improvement should not only aim at soybean operators, processors and producers, but also face the future operators, processors and producers, the relevant colleges, secondary schools and vocational and technical schools affiliated to the General Administration, so as to promote the popularization As an important part of education, the training of legumes knowledge and technology has become the training and education base of soybean industry and the training base of special talents of soybean industry 4 Establish a new organization form of soybean industry and promote the industrialization of soybean management To develop and promote soybean as an industry, the current production-oriented organization and management form is not suitable for the requirements of Soybean Industrialization This new type of soybean industrial organization form should be oriented by the domestic and foreign market, led by the powerful and trustworthy soybean trade enterprises, processing enterprises, based on the specialized and modern production base, socialized and specialized Under the condition of industrialized service, it is possible to have a place in the international soybean market with a large industrial scale, specialized industrial service, good industrial reputation and participation in the competition and competition of the world soybean market 5 Establish Soybean Industry Association in reclamation area as soon as possible to standardize the development of soybean industry The establishment of Soybean Industry Association in reclamation area is a kind of industry association that adapts to the operation rules of international soybean industry after China's accession to WTO It mainly proposes policies, suggestions and measures for the development of soybean industry in reclamation area, clarifies and formulates the operation rules of soybean industry, carries out foreign soybean market investigation and information consulting services, and is responsible for the access management and anti subsidy investigation of international soybean industry, To protect the legitimate rights and interests of the soybean industry in the international market in the reclamation area from being infringed 6 To speed up the development of soybean deep processing is the only way to revitalize the soybean industry At present, the reclamation area has formed a certain scale of soybean deep processing enterprises, which produce a series of advanced deep processing products at home and abroad, such as soybean tissue protein, protein isolate, vegetable cream, salad oil, powdered phospholipid, etc., at the same time, new projects such as soybean isoflavone, vitamin e, oligosaccharide, fibrin, etc these deep processing products have not only improved greatly The utilization rate and added value of soybean also bring considerable economic benefits Let's make a brief analysis: according to the current soybean deep processing level and raw material price, the value of processing one ton of soybean tissue protein is 4800 yuan, 2.4 times of the value of raw soybean, processing one ton of protein is 13500 yuan, 6.75 times of the value of raw soybean, processing profit rate, and two product scores They account for about 15% and 20% respectively These two products are promising in the international and domestic markets As far as the scale of deep processing is concerned, the total annual soybean consumption of these projects is no more than 200000 tons, which accounts for a small proportion of the total raw soybean At the same time, there is still a big gap in processing level, processing varieties and processing quality compared with similar products abroad, mainly in terms of product functionality, applicability and diversity China's accession to the WTO has brought us opportunities to speed up the introduction of new technologies, new processes and new products, and provided extremely convenient conditions for the expansion of domestic and international markets for products The development and expansion of soybean deep processing products will certainly drive the rapid growth of soybean industry 7 Give full play to the function of futures market and promote the revitalization of soybean industry At present, the trading of soybean products in developed countries is basically completed by futures delivery For example, American soybean farmers signed contracts with the soybean futures market in the form of contracts when sowing soybeans, locking in costs and profits, effectively avoiding the price risk of the soybean market As you know, the current international soybean market price is based on the U.S futures market