Get out of the misunderstanding and understand the synergistic effect of Ganoderma lucidum on tumor

For a long time, there has been a misunderstanding in the medical field about cancer, that is, tumor is the result of abnormal proliferation and diffusion of the body's own cells, while ignoring the influence of systemic factors on the incidence of tumor, so only how to eliminate tumor cells is considered in the treatment At present, in addition to surgical resection of tumor tissue, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are often used to kill tumor cells Chemotherapy drugs rely on their cytotoxic effects to kill rapidly dividing tumor cells to alleviate the disease However, in some solid tumors, such as lung cancer, gastric cancer, uterine cancer, etc., the dividing cancer cells only account for about 5% of the solid tumors, and they are sensitive to chemotherapy drugs; a large proportion of dormant cancer cells do not divide, but have the potential to divide, but they are not sensitive to chemotherapy drugs Sensitive Out of the misunderstanding of cancer understanding, we should pay attention to the overall treatment of cancer According to the treatment principles of traditional Chinese medicine, chemotherapy and radiotherapy of cancer only pay attention to "exorcism" (inhibiting and killing tumor), but ignore "strengthening" (improving the overall anti-tumor ability), and even hurt the healthy qi Therefore, the serious adverse reactions mentioned above appear, which has become the consensus of doctors and patients At present, it is very difficult to find patients who strictly follow the doctor's orders and only use chemotherapy and / or radiotherapy Many people use various kinds of traditional Chinese medicine or health care products to prevent and reduce the adverse reactions caused by chemotherapy (or) radiotherapy and enhance its efficacy, and Ganoderma lucidum is one of the most commonly used traditional Chinese medicine Clinical practice has proved that Ganoderma lucidum is effective in the treatment of tumor The clinical research has proved that when Ganoderma lucidum preparation is combined with chemotherapy or radiotherapy, it has better adjuvant treatment effect on tumor Its therapeutic characteristics are as follows: Reduce the serious adverse reactions caused by chemotherapy and radiotherapy, such as leucopenia, anorexia, weight loss, anti infective immunity reduction, liver and kidney injury, etc.; improve the tolerance of tumor patients to chemotherapy and radiotherapy; • improve the immune function of tumor patients, enhance the anti-tumor immunity of the body, enhance the effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy; • improve the quality of life of tumor patients, and enhance their physique These results indicate that Ganoderma lucidum can be used as a synergistic therapy for tumor chemotherapy or radiotherapy, and play a role of "synergism and detoxification" Scientific understanding of the therapeutic effect of Ganoderma lucidum on tumor how does the synergistic effect of Ganoderma lucidum on tumor come into being? Pharmacological studies have proved that polysaccharides and triterpenoids in Ganoderma lucidum are the main effective components in the synergistic treatment of tumor They act on many links in the process of tumor occurrence and development, and then play an anti-tumor role 1 Ganoderma lucidum can enhance the theoretical basis of tumor chemotherapy and radiotherapy Ganoderma lucidum and Its Polysaccharides and triterpenes have antitumor effects on a variety of animal transplanted tumors, and can enhance the antitumor effects of doxorubicin (Cranberry), cisplatin, fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide and other chemotherapy drugs As early as 1980, it was proposed that the anti-tumor effect of Ganoderma lucidum was achieved by enhancing the immune function of the body Later, a series of studies further proved that Ganoderma lucidum and its polysaccharide peptides can enhance the anti-tumor function of macrophages, natural killer cells, dendritic cells and toxic T cells, and promote the anti-tumor cell hormones, such as TNF - α and TNF - α IFN - γ (interferon) is produced, which can enhance the activity of these cell hormones, enhance the anti-tumor immunity of the body, so as to play an anti-tumor role In recent ten years, scholars have paid more attention to the study of the effect of Ganoderma lucidum and its effective components on tumor cells at the cellular and molecular level The related findings include: the water extract of Ganoderma lucidum (Ganoderma lucidum, Ganoderma lucidum, Ganoderma lucidum) fruit body can inhibit the proliferation of human breast cancer cells MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 in vitro; Ganoderma lucidum extract gle-1 (mainly containing polysaccharides) and gle-2 (mainly containing triterpenoids) can inhibit the proliferation of Human Colon Cancer Cell SW480, and the effect of the latter is stronger than the former; Ganoderma lucidum fruit body or spore powder extract can inhibit the activation of transcription factors and AP-1 in highly invasive breast cancer cells and prostate cancer cells, and inhibit the expression of urokinase type plasminogen activator and its receptor in these two tumor cells, so as to inhibit the proliferation of highly invasive breast cancer cells and PC-3 cells; The lanoline triterpenoids extracted from the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum can inhibit the proliferation of Lewis lung sarcoma, T47D, S-180 and Meth-A tumor cell lines; the Ganoderma lucidum extract (rich in triterpenoids) can significantly inhibit the proliferation of human leukemia cell line HL-60 Ganoderma lucidum also affects some important links in the process of tumorigenesis and development For example, Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide can inhibit the expression of anti apoptosis gene Bcl-2, promote the expression of apoptosis gene Bax, inhibit the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells, inhibit tumor angiogenesis, cut off the blood supply of tumor, so that tumor cells can not get nutrition and die Recently, scholars in Taiwan have found that the methanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum can inhibit the expression of VEGF by inhibiting the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor, and then the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, resulting in the decrease of VEGF secretion of human epidermal cancer A-431 cells and the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis Finally, it can inhibit the growth of human epidermal cancer A-431 cells in vitro and in vivo This effect is similar to that of the target anticancer drugs of "epidermal growth factor tyrosine kinase inhibitors", which is worthy of attention In addition, ganoderma polysaccharide peptide can inhibit the movement and adhesion of tumor cells and promote the differentiation of tumor cells Recently, our research has proved that: ganoderma polysaccharide can reverse the multidrug resistance of leukemia cell line K562 by down regulating the expression of multidrug resistance related protein (MRP) in tumor cells, resist the drug resistance of doxorubicin, and restore its sensitivity to doxorubicin Subsequently, American scholars also reported that Ganoderma lucidum extract can reverse the drug resistance of small cell lung cancer cells with multi drug resistance, and resist the drug resistance of tumor drugs etoposide and doxorubicin These results can explain the synergistic mechanism of Ganoderma lucidum and tumor chemotherapeutics from another perspective Ganoderma lucidum can reduce the toxicity of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which is the theoretical basis of pharmacological experiments For example: Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide has the anti radiation effect, which can reduce the mortality of mice irradiated by cobalt 60 γ ray and prolong the survival time of animals This effect is related to its promotion of hematopoietic function of bone marrow • Ganoderma lucidum extract has obvious protective effect on radiation gastrointestinal tract injury Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide can also significantly reduce the reduction of nucleated cells in the femur of mice caused by cyclothiamine In cisplatin induced vomiting model of rats, Ganoderma lucidum preparation (extract + spore powder) can inhibit cisplatin induced nausea, vomiting and reduced food intake Recently, our research has proved that methotrexate (MTX) can shorten and fuse the villi of small intestine, disappear the crypt cells and decrease the goblet cells Under the electron microscope, the microvilli of intestinal epithelial cells were disordered, shortened and absent, and the nuclear membrane and granulogland were swollen After the treatment with ganoderma polysaccharide, the above morphological changes of the small intestine of mice were significantly reduced, the activity of total superoxide dismutase on the low side increased, and the Malondialdehyde on the high side decreased These are the specific manifestations of ganoderma polysaccharide to improve the intestinal mucosa damage of mice caused by methotrexate To develop high-level Ganoderma products and improve the therapeutic effect of Ganoderma in the treatment of tumor, ganoderma is effective in the treatment of tumor, and has full scientific basis It has been paid attention by doctors and patients, and widely used However, the current level of Ganoderma products is not ideal Most of them are water extracts (mainly containing polysaccharide peptides) or more primary products of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body, which can not reach the sample level mentioned in the above study, thus affecting their efficacy Although large dosage can improve the curative effect, it is inconvenient for patients, so the development of high-level Ganoderma products should be put on the agenda Because the influence of Ganoderma triterpenoids and polysaccharides on the occurrence and development of tumor is not the same, in order to make them complement each other, we should first consider refining the water extract and alcohol extract of Ganoderma lucidum, then mix them into preparation, increase the content of ganoderma polysaccharide and triterpenoids in the product, and improve the therapeutic effect of the cooperation on tumor Of course, the most ideal is that the effective ingredients of Ganoderma lucidum can be directly made into medicine for application, but the difficulty is so great that the current academic circles and the industry are afraid.