Frontier Immunol: Bacterial toxins trigger natural immune response mechanisms.

, June 25, 2020 /PRNewswire/ -- Biovalley BIOON/--- innate immune system is the first line of defense against microbial infections, but we do not fully understand the complex mechanisms of innate immunityIn a new study, researchers at Kanazawa University synthesized and identified molybifyin in bacteria, allowing further research into how the innate immune system interacts with toxin-producing bacteriathe innate immune system detects microbial infections by sensing microbial molecules (pathogen-related molecular patterns or PAMP) or host signaling molecules (damage-related molecular patterns or Damps) released from damaged host cellsPseudomonas has been used as a tool to study the mechanism of intestinal DAMPs in fruit fliesThe aphid malaria parasite infects fruit flies and destroys intestinal cells using a poretoxin called MoramyelinMonalysin is secreted as an inactive protoxin and then activated by certain proteins called proteasesAlthough fruit flies protect themselves from toxin activation by establishing physical barriers against proteases, they can withstand damage after exposure to toxinsTakayuki Kuraishi, aresearcher at(photo: Frontier Immunol) said: "Activated monalycoscoccal forms holes in the mass membrane of the host cell, causing the cell to die, so it is important for the host to prevent its activation"We wanted to purify mona-soluble bacteria from the food-obsessed pseudomonas and study its functional characteristicsUltimately, it helps us understand how the host interacts with the bacteria that produce the hole to form toxins"
to achieve their goals, the researchers developed insect-eating pseudomonas and purified the progenitor from their cleavageBy reacting to purified toxins with fruit fly cells, the researchers confirmed that when toxicity increased, cell activity decreased significantly due to the addition of more promatomycin to the cells, thus confirming its toxic effectsTo confirm that purified monamycin can perforate host cells, the researchers added activated monamycobacterium to a chip that covers the lipid double layer, similar to the cell's mass membraneBy measuring the current generated by ions passing through the formed holes, the researchers showed that Monabacteriin forms holes about 0.7-1nm in diameter to analyze the structural composition of monamycoccal, the researchers then turned to atomic force microscopy (AFM), a technique that provides high-resolution images by touching the surface with a sensitive mechanical probe The Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) showed that eight monabacterium molecules came together to form holes in the membrane By combining AFM with high-speed imaging, the researchers then demonstrated that the activated Monalysin priority inserted the edge of the film, indicating that the highly curved part of the film was where it worked (Bio Valley Bioon.com) source: A Class A Tom toxin turning cells into the swiss cheese original source: Saori Nonaka et al, And Saori And Siento and Molecular and Analysis of Pore-Toxin Forming Monalysin From Entomo prostoummonas entomomo, DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00520 .