For the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19, cell journal's latest research progress at a glance (No. 2)

, June 29, 2020 /prNewswire
Bio Valley
BIOON/--- Since December 8, 2019, several cases of pneumonia with unknown causes have been reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. Most of the patients work edtherece at or near the local South China Seafood Wholesale Market. In the early stages of this pneumonia, severe symptoms of acute respiratory infections develop, and some patients develop rapidly into acute respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS, acute respiratory failure and other serious complications. On January 7, 2020, the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) identified a new coronavirus from a patient's pharynx sample, initially named 2019-nCoV by the World Health Organization (WHO). Most patients with 2019-nCoV pneumonia have mild symptoms and a good prognosis. So far, some patients have developed severe pneumonia, pulmonary edema, ARDS or multiple organ failure and death.
a transmission mirror image of SARS-CoV-2 (formerly known as 2019-nCoV) from NIAID RML.11 February 2020, WHO renamed the disease 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). On the same day, the Coronary Virus Research Group of the International Committee on Virus Classification and Naming viruses published an article in bioRxiv, noting that the team had decided that the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV was a variant of the 2002-2003 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV. Therefore, the new pathogen was renamed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, or SARS-CoV-2. It is worth noting that although the International Virus Classification Board's Coronary Virus Research Group named the virus SARS-CoV-2, the team's chairman, John Ziebuhr, does not believe that the name (SARS-CoV-2) is associated with SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, also known as atypical pneumonia). However, the renaming of the virus has caused a lot of controversy. The World Health Organization is not satisfied with the name SARS-CoV-2 and does not intend to use it, Science.com reported.coronavirus can cause multi-system infections in a variety of animals. Prior to this, there were six coronaviruses that could infect humans, mainly causing respiratory infections in humans: two highly deadly coronaviruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV) and MERS (MERS) coronaviruses (MERS-CoV);based on the serious harm caused by the outbreak in China and around the world, the small group combed through the 2019-nCoV/COVID-19 study published in cell magazine for readers.
1.
. Cell: Structurally revealing the human antibody characteristics associated with SARS-CoV-2 sting proteins
doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.025 in a new study, researchers from the California Institute of Technology and Rockefeller University described the recognition of polyclonal G G and their Fab fragments from the plasma of COVID-19 rehabilitation people for the coronavirus S protein. They found that these plasma IgGs identify edited S proteins for SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV.related findings published online June 23, 2020 in the journal Cell, with the title "Structures of Human antibodies to SARS-CoV-Spike 2 Reveal Common sphotos and recurrent sons of antibodies". The paper's authors are Dr. Michel C. Nussenzweig of Rockefeller University and Dr. Pamela J. Bjorkman of the California Institute of Technology. The paper's first author is Christopher O. Barnes of the California Institute of Technology.using electron microscopes, the researchers studied the specificity of the plasma polyclonal antibody Fab fragments, revealing that they identify s1A and RBD epitopes on the surface of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein. In addition, the cryoscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the single-clone neutralized and antibody Fab fragment-prion protein complex with a resolution of 3.4 e revealed a epitope that blocks the binding of ACE2 receptors. Modeling based on these structures shows that IgG has different potential for S-protein crosslinking on the surface of the coronavirus than fab fragments, and that IgG may not be affected by the identified SARS-CoV-2 S protein mutation.
2.
. Cell: The mouse SARS-CoV-2 infection model reveals the protective effect of neutralizing antibodies
doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.011 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2 coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a pandemic of millions of people infected. One limitation in evaluating potential therapies and vaccines to suppress SARS-CoV-2 infection and improve the disease is the lack of a large number of susceptible small animal models. Commercially available laboratory mice were less susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 because of species-specific differences in their angiotensin-enzyme 2 (angiotensin-enzymeing 2, ACE2) receptors.developed a new model of SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice in mice based on the study, published in the journal Cell, "A-CoV-2", published in the journal Cell, led by Michael S. Diamond, a professor in the Department of Medicine, Pathology and Immunology, and The Department of Molecular Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, and the University of Washington School of Medicine.
Picture Source: Cell.in the study, the researchers successfully transmitted the replication defect adenovirus encoded in human ACE2 (hACE2) to BALB/c mice through nasal administration, successfully expressing hACE2 receptors in the lung tissue of mice. They then infected the mice with SARS-CoV-2 viruses. It was shown that the mice transinated by hACE2 were effectively infected by SARS-CoV-2, which led to high viral titer in lung tissue, lung pathology characteristics of new coronary pneumonia in mice, and weight loss.to reveal the therapeutic effects of neutralizing antibodies, the researchers treated the mice with neutral monoclonal antibodies. The researchers found that neutralizing antibody therapy reduced the burden of the virus on the lungs, reducing inflammation and weight loss symptoms.researchers say the development of a model of SARS-CoV-2 infection and pathogenesis in available mice will speed up the testing and deployment of therapeutic drugs and vaccines.
3.
. Cell: Build a widely useful model for COVID-19 incidence, vaccination and treatment
doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.010 the new coronapneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 is a highly toxic form of pneumonia, with nearly 8 million confirmed cases and 430,000 deaths worldwide as of June 15, 2020. The rapid development of vaccines and treatments is critical. As an ideal animal for evaluating such interventions, mice were resistant to SARS-CoV-2, mainly because mice did not express SARS-CoV-2 into the cell's receptor angiotensin-enzyme 2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, ACE2) receptor.In order to establish a mouse model that can infect SARS-CoV-2 for research and development of new coronary pneumonia pathology, vaccines and therapeutic drugs, researchers from Guangzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Province Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, University of Iowa and other units of Jincun Zhao, University of Iowa. Led by Professor McCray Jr. and Professor Stanley Perlman, a mouse model for the study of COVID-19 pathology, vaccine sororities and therapeutic efficacy was developed, and the results of the study, entitled "Generation of a Broadly Useful Model for COVID-19 Engeis-19 Vaccine," and "Generation of Broadly Useful Model for COVID-19 Engeis- Vaccination." Treatment."In the study, researchers developed the mouse model through an exogenous transmission of the defective adenovirus (Ad5-hACE2). The researchers found that Ad5-hACE2 sensitised mice exhibited COVID-19 symptoms, characterized by weight loss, severe lung pathology and high titration virus replication in the lungs. researchers also found that in these mice, type I interferon, T cells and, most importantly, signal converters and transcription activator 1 (STAT1) were critical for virus removal and disease resolution. Ad5-hACE2 transduction mice were able to quickly evaluate candidate vaccines, human recovery plasma, and two antiviral therapies (poly I: C and Redsewe).
4.
. Cell: Chinese scientists developed a SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine, BBIBP-CorV, animal experiments show effective protective effects
doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.008 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic virus virus (CO-19) pandemic threat to global public health. In order to prevent and control COVID-19, there is an urgent need to develop a vaccine. Revealing the data released by the WHO on June 2nd, 10 vaccines have entered clinical trials worldwide, one of which is in Phase 3 clinical trial s/7. recently, researchers from Beijing Institute of Biological Products, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing Concord Medical College, the National Food and Drug Administration and Tsinghua University published a new study in cell magazine, introducing a new inactivated candidate vaccine, BBIBP-CorV, which showed that it can induce a strong protective immune response to SARS-CoV-2.
Picture Source: Cell. in the study, researchers reported on the experimental production of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate (BBIBP-CorV). In animal trials, researchers found that the vaccine induced high levels of neutralizing antibody titer in mice, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits and non-human primates (crab-eating and rhesus monkeys) to provide protection against SARS-CoV-2. researchers found that the two 2 ug/times of the BBIBP-CorV vaccine against rhesus provided effective protection against the challenges in the sars-CoV-2 trachea of rhesus monkeys, with the software park saying that no antibody-dependent infections were detected. In addition, the researchers found that BBIBP-CorV showed efficient productivity and good genetic stability in vaccine production during the production process. These results support further evaluation of BBIBP-CorV in clinical trials.
5.
. Researchers at Westlake University, Wen Medical University and Dean Diagnostics published the Cell paper! Details of the serotype and metabolic characteristics of patients with new coronary pneumonia
doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.032 In a new study, researchers from Westlake University, Wenzhou Medical University and the Diagnostic Dean Kelespectrum Laboratory in China speculated that SARS-CoV-2-induced characteristic molecular changes could be detected in patients with severe COVID-19 serum. These molecular changes may shed light on the development of patient treatments. To test this hypothesis, they used proteomics and metabolomics techniques to analyze serogroups and metablegroups from PATIENTs with COVID-19 and several control groups. related findings were published online May 27, 2020 in the journal Cell, with the title "Proteomic and Metabolomic Sera of COVID-19 Patient Sera". The paper is published in the journal.