Fatal obesity, cancer is fat man's fate?!

Here are some figures on overweight and obesity (WHO data): In 2016, more than 1.9 billion adults aged 18 and over were overweight worldwide, of whom more than 650 million were obese.
-2016, 39% of adults aged 18 and over (39% of men and 40% of women) worldwide were overweight.
- The global prevalence of obesity nearly tripled between 1975 and 2016.
90 million people are obese in China, 12 million of whom are severely obese, according to data released by Lancet in 2016.
, the World Health Organization said overweight and obesity are the fifth leading risk of death worldwide, with at least 2.8 million people dying each year.
obesity has become a serious social problem, in fact, has become a public health crisis, scientific weight loss is urgent.
Wang Youfa, Xue Hong. Interpretation of the Blue Book on Obesity Prevention and Control in China and Recommendations for Obesity Prevention and Control Measures in China, 2019, 53 (9): 875-884.DOI:10.10. 3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2019.09.003 Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that can harm health.
first proposed by Belgian generalis Keitler in the mid-19th century, and is now the most commonly used tool in the world to measure obesity, the BMI index.
calculation formula: body mass index (BMI) - body weight (kg) / height (m) - 2.
the root cause of obesity and overweight is the energy imbalance between calorie intake and calorie consumption.
of high-energy foods rich in fat and sugar continued to increase, and the long-term sedententation of modern people, changes in transportation patterns and increased urbanization all added to the problem of physical activity.
obesity is a major cause of premature death from four major noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory disease and diabetes.
, high BMI directly led to 4 million deaths in 2015 (adults 25 years of age or older), according to the Global Burden of Disease Study.
deadliest of these diseases has always been the link between obesity and cancer, and today (February 4, 2021) is the 21st World Cancer Day.
, a WHO cancer expert, says 19.3 million people will be diagnosed with cancer and 10 million will die from cancer by 2020.
, obesity has been linked to at least 12 types of cancer.
Body Mass Index (BMI) is often used as an indicator of obesity, and waist circumference (WC), one of the criteria for evaluating central obesity, has been considered to increase the risk of several types of cancer and to better distinguish between obesity-related colon and post-menopto breast cancer risks.
recently, a large queue study of 3.6 million people published in BMC Medicine further confirmed that BMI and waist circumference are associated with a variety of cancer risks.
Body mass index and waist circumference in relation to the risk of 26 types of cancer: a prospective cohort study of 3.5 million adults in Spain. BMC Med 19, 10 (2021). The study included 3658,417 adults aged ≥18 and cancer-free between 2006 and 2017, and looked at the association between BMI and 26 cancer risks, taking into account nonlinear relationships.
then compared general (BMI) and central (WC) obesity with 26 cancer risks.
results showed a positive correlation between higher BMI and the risk of nine types of cancer (uterine coronary artery, kidney, gallbladder, thyroid, colorectal, post-menoptosis, multiple myeloma, leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma) and positively associated with three other types of cancer (head, neck, brain and central nervous system, Hodgkin's lymphoma) in people who never smoked.
risk ratios (HRs) (5kg/m2 per increase) ranged from 1.04 (99% CI 1.01 to 1.08) for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma to 1.49 (1.45 to 1.53) for uterine cancer.
Although BMI was negatively associated with 5 types of cancer in the linear analysis of the general population, it was found that BMI was associated with U-type prostate cancer, L-type correlation with head and neck cancer, esophageal cancer, throat cancer and tracheal cancer, bronchal cancer and lung cancer, indicating that low BMI was the result of heavy smoking.
27,837 of the 291,305 participants measured with WC were diagnosed with cancer.
the BMI and WC of all cancers overlapped with the 99% confidence interval of the HR point estimates for all cancers (one additional standard deviation), suggesting that BMI and WC are comparable to cancer risk.
forest map of 22 specific cancer sites associated with a 1 standard deviation in body mass index and 1 standard deviation in waist circumference.
Body mass index and waist circumference in relation to the risk of 26 types of cancer: a prospective cohort study of 3.5 million adults in Spain. BMC Med 19, 10 (2021). In this large southern European study, higher BMI was associated with an increased risk of 12 types of cancer, and BMI and WC showed a comparable relationship with cancer risk.
important tip to the conclusion of this study is that it is not too early or too late to lose weight! That said, perhaps some months and a half have begun to make up their minds to make weight loss plans, and some people are still lucky, although the body fat, but think that they usually have enough exercise, disease will not find us.
, there is indeed some research evidence that high heart and lung function (CRF) may reduce the adverse effects of excess weight on heart metabolic health, thus proposing the theory of "healthy fat people."
let the moon half of the heart ignited a spark of hope, guest officials don't go, after reading the following latest research results to draw conclusions not too late.
To clarify the accuracy of the theory that "healthy fat people" are really healthy, experts at European universities conducted a large observational study that assessed the association between different body mass index (BMI) and physical activity levels and major CVD risk factors.
results were published in the European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, a journal of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC).
Joint association of physical activity and body mass index with cardiovascular risk: a nationwide population-based cross-sectional study. European Journal of Prevent Cardiology (2021), DOI: The results show that exercise can reduce the adverse effects of overweight/obesity on CVD risk, but overweight itself is associated with a significant increase in the prevalence of major risk factors.
"flexible fat people", or obese individuals who exercised but were obese, were about two, five and four times more likely to develop hypercholesterolemia, high blood pressure and diabetes than participants who were normally overweight.
further analysis showed that at all the same BMI levels, any exercise( whether or not it met the WHO recommended minimum) was associated with a lower risk of diabetes, high blood pressure, or high cholesterol compared to total ins exercise.
and with increased exercise, the prevalence of diabetes and high blood pressure is decreasing.
the combination of physical activity levels and body mass index categories with cardiovascular risk factors.
Joint association of physical activity and body mass index with cardiovascular risk: a nationwide population-based cross-sectional study. "This tells us that exercise alone does not completely offset the harm of being overweight," said study author Dr. Alejandro Lucia of the European Journal of Prevent Cardiology (2021), DOI: To this end, study author Dr. Aljandro Lucia of the European University said.
but everyone, regardless of weight, should exercise to maintain their health.
and the more exercise, the better, such as walking 30min a day is better than walking 15min a day.
, exercise does not fully offset the negative effects of overweight and obesity on heart health.
weight loss itself should remain the primary goal of health policies to reduce the risk of CVD in overweight/obese people.
, don't expect to be a healthy fat man, or lose weight and exercise in a two-pronged way! According to a large study of 550,000 British adults published at the 2020 European and International Conference on Obesity (ECOICO 2020), obese people who intentionally (not because of the disease) lose 13 per cent of their weight have a relative risk of type 2 diabetes The risk was reduced by 42-44%, the risk of sleep apnea was reduced by 22%-27%, the risk of hypertension was reduced by 18%-25%, and the risk of abnormal blood lipids (abnormally high levels of cholesterol and other fats in the blood) was reduced by 20-22%.
is the first time that the benefits of intentional weight loss on obesity-related disease risk have been quantified in real-world clinical practice.
important to emphasize that this is an observational study that only shows a link between weight loss and a decrease in cardiovascular risk factors, not that weight loss leads to a decrease in this risk.
, the differences in risk for these conditions are striking, suggesting that obese people can significantly reduce their risk by consciously dding down.
in the current new crown pandemic environment, the moon half is not immune.
study showed that obese patients were at higher risk of contracting neo-crown pneumonia, and an analysis of 1,150 patients with neo-crown pneumonia at a hospital in New York City found that 212 (82%) of the 257 patients in critical condition had at least A chronic disease in which 119 (46%) patients were obese (defined as BMI≥30) and 92 (36%) had diabetes, indicating that obesity and diabetes were associated with the severity and mortality of neocephaly.
the problem, how to reduce the burden of overweight and obesity? Diet and exercise interventions are important means of preventing obesity and losing weight.
China's Blue Book on Obesity Prevention and Control, published in April 2019, states that prevention is fundamental to obesity control and that prevention begins with pregnancy, and that infants and the elderly should make the prevention of overweight a lifelong goal.
principles of low-energy, low-fat, moderate protein diet, should limit calorie intake, long-term balanced diet.
Mediterranean-style diet is recommended.
diets commonly used for weight loss are as follows: 1. Energy-limiting balanced diet (1) controlled in male: 6279 to 7535 kJ/d, female: 5023 to 6279 kJ/d; -3139 kJ/d;(2) Three nutrient-to-energy ratios: Carbohydrate: Fat: Protein: 50% to 60%: 20% to 30%: 15% to 20%.
2. Low-energy balanced diet (1) was controlled at 3349 to 5023 kJ/d, about 50% less than normal energy intake;
3. Very low energy diets are limited to 1674 to 3349 kJ/d per day.
energy comes mainly from protein, fat and carbohydrates are severely restricted.
can effectively reduce body weight and body fat, prone to nutritional metabolic problems, the need for appropriate amounts of micronutrient supplementation;
. Substitute meals replace a meal with an abnormal form of meal, such as polynutrient powder or energy bars.
as a meal with a balanced energy-limiting diet, it can effectively reduce weight and body fat, and is a way to supplement nutrients and reduce energy intake, but not a sustainable diet.
5. Light/intermittent cut-off meals eat normally at 5 d per week, while the other 2 to 3 d (non-continuous) consume 1/4 of the energy of the normal diet (2,512 kJ/d for men and 2,093 kJ/d for women), i.e. 5.2 dietary patterns.
is beneficial for weight control and metabolic improvement, but is prone to nutritional metabolic disorders, is not suitable for pregnant women, children and adolescents to lose weight, is not suitable for long-term use.
. High-protein diet is based on low-energy diet, protein intake accounts for more than 20% of total energy, mainly meat and eggs and other high-protein foods or add protein powder.
is more suitable for adult obese people with high triglycerides and high total cholesterol;
7. A low-carbon, very low-carbohydrate diet (1) has between 20 and 90 grams of carbohydrate per day.
Based on low energy, carbohydrates account for 40% of total energy, fat accounts for 30% to 60% ;(2) carbohydrates ≤ 20% of total energy is very low or carbohydrate-free diet, often referred to as carbon hydration