Extraction and processing technology of Capsicum pigment

Capsicum pigment is a kind of orange red natural edible pigment with high carotenoid system extracted from Capsicum The pigment belongs to terpenoid pigment, the product is viscous liquid, and can also be dried to powder It is insoluble in water and has good thermal stability, acid and alkali resistance, light resistance and emulsion dispersion The solution of Capsicum pigment can present deep red, orange red, yellow, light yellow and other colors due to different concentrations; and because it contains carotene, β - carotene and a variety of vitamins, it has rich nutritional value Therefore, capsicum pigment can be widely used in the coloring of food, medicine, cosmetics and other industrial products The extraction of Capsicum pigment was first carried out by oil dissolving method and solvent method Oil dissolving method, that is to soak chili peel or chili powder with animal and vegetable oils (such as fish oil, cottonseed oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, coconut oil, corn oil, etc.) and then separate the pigment dissolved in the oil The disadvantage of this method is that it is difficult to separate the oil and pigment, and it is difficult to get the thick pigment Solvent method can be divided into impregnation method, percolation method, reflux extraction method and Soxhlet extraction method according to the operation mode, i.e extraction of pigment with alkyl ketone or hydrocarbon The pigment obtained by this method is unstable in quality, poor in purity, low in concentration or difficult to remove the pungent taste; the pungent element can also be destroyed to remove the pungent taste first, and then the pigment without pungent taste can be extracted There is still a considerable amount of red pigment left in the residue after extraction by this method The impurity content of the crude product is high, the refining cost is expensive, and the usability of the residue is poor, which brings difficulties to large-scale production Degree 1 In order to eliminate the disadvantages of the above-mentioned extraction methods, researchers have carried out a comprehensive experimental study on the extraction methods of Capsicum pigment at home and abroad for many years It is believed that capsicum pigment with excellent luster, high purity and good stability can be produced by the method of alkali water solution treatment solvent extraction steam distillation The specific methods are introduced as follows: 1 Technological process: Capsicum → extraction → distillation → capsicum oleoresin → hydrolysis → filtration → solid substance → immersion → decompression filtration → extraction solution → decompression distillation → pigment → steam distillation → concentration and purification of pigment → drying → powdered capsicum oleoresin 2 Extraction method (1) extraction of capsicum oleoresin The mature pepper fruit is dried and crushed, and then put into the extraction tank At room temperature, it is continuously extracted with organic solvents (such as ethanol, acetone, 2-propanol, trichloroethylene, ethane, etc.), distilled from the extraction liquid, and then extracted with low-grade aliphatic alcohol solvents (such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, etc.) to extract the pepper oleoresin, with the amount of 1% of the pepper oleoresin About 0 times, the temperature is from room temperature to boiling point of alcohols, and the stirring time is 1-10 hours After that, the paprika pigment phase was separated by decantation or liquid-liquid centrifugation, and then the residual alcohols were distilled by steam distillation under normal pressure or vacuum to obtain the paprika pigment resin (2) alkali water solution treatment After distillation, the resin containing capsicum pigment was added to alkali water solution for treatment The concentration of alkali water solution is about 45%, the addition amount is 3-5 times of the weight of resin after distillation, the temperature is 80 ℃, and the stirring time is 3-10 hours Then the pH value is adjusted between 4-6.5, so that the fatty acids in the capsicum pigment resin can be converted into free fatty acids in the form of water-soluble alkali salt PH value regulators are commonly used inorganic or organic acids After adjusting the acid, slowly add the precipitant to transform the free fatty acids into insoluble or insoluble salts and generate precipitates; the precipitant includes barium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, etc., whose dosage is 2-8 times of the weight of capsicum oleoresin after adjusting the acid After precipitation, the soap alkali solid was obtained by centrifugation or filtration (3) extraction The soap alkali solid was put in the extraction tank, and the organic solvent was added for continuous extraction The organic solvent includes acetone, butanone, methyl acetate, methanol, ethanol, propanol, pentane, benzene, toluene, diethyl ether and other petroleum ethers The addition amount of organic solvent is 1-15 times of the weight of solid, the temperature is controlled at room temperature, and the extraction time is about 1-15 hours depending on the solvent selected (4) distillation The color value of Capsicum pigment is 300000-650000, which is obtained by distilling the extraction solution (removing the residue) under constant pressure or vacuum and distilling the organic solvent If the pigment still has the peculiar peculiar smell of capsicum, the peculiar smell can be removed by decompressing the pigment at about 26.7kpa and distilling it in steam for 4 hours After filtering out the water and drying in a vacuum dryer, the concentrated and refined pigment can be obtained, and the powdered capsicum pigment can also be obtained by drying at low temperature 2 In addition to the above methods, supercritical extraction is also popular in the world Compared with the traditional method, CO2 supercritical extraction is a very promising extraction method, which avoids the use of organic solvents and the steps of distillation The extraction process of this method is: paprika powder → extraction tank → separation tank → crude pigment → extraction tank → separation tank → the specific operation of pigment is as follows: the paprika is dried and crushed, placed in the extraction tank, the flow rate of 5L / min is used to enter the CO2 with the pressure of 12MPa, the temperature of the extraction tank is 40 ℃, and the above-mentioned CO2 pressure is maintained at 60 ℃ Min, CO2 was put into the separation tank and reduced to atmospheric pressure to obtain the spicy extract with the pigment content of about 8% The extract was put into the extraction tank again The flow rate of 5L / min was used to inject CO2 with pressure of 45MPa, the tank temperature was 40 ℃, the extraction time was 40min, and then it was put into the separation tank and reduced to atmospheric pressure to obtain capsicum pigment without spicy taste 3 The separation of Capsicum pigment can take on a variety of colors with different concentrations For example, when the amount of edible alcohol is 1:15, it is red when it is added to 1 / 5000, orange when it is 1 / 8000, and yellow when it is 1 / 12000 In recent years, it is also useful to separate capsicum pigment directly into single pigments such as black, yellow, red, orange, etc these single pigments have good thermal stability After heating at 100 ℃ for several hours, the residual rate of pigment is about 95%, and they have good light resistance The specific methods are as follows: in the glass column with silica gel, add the concentrated capsicum pigment, the ratio of silica gel and capsicum pigment is 5:1, then elute with n-hexane, distill n-hexane in the eluent, and get melanin first; then wash with 5% isopropyl ether and 95% n-hexane, distill the solvent in the eluent to get yellow pigment; then wash with 25% isopropyl ether and 75% n-hexane The red pigment can be obtained after the solvent is distilled from the eluant, and finally the orange pigment can be obtained after the acetone is distilled.