Etokeqian Banner's model breeding out of a win-win way

Introduction: improve the ecological environment and ensure the sustainable development of animal husbandry Since 1999, etokeqian banner has taken the measures of forbidding animal husbandry, resting animal husbandry, rotating animal husbandry and model breeding, and has found a "win-win" way that not only improves the ecological environment quickly and effectively, but also ensures the sustainable and healthy development of grassland animal husbandry and the increasing income of farmers and herdsmen At present, there are more than 4300 model farmers in the whole banner, which has increased the annual per capita income of farmers and herdsmen by more than 300 yuan Despite the severe drought this year, the dry grass yield per mu of natural grassland has increased from 15kg in 1998 to 50kg The county was built in 1980 It is mainly composed of Maowusu Sandy Land and Ordos Liangdi Animal husbandry, as the main economy of e Qian Qi, has made great progress in the past 20 years But it is an indisputable fact that the increase of livestock number and income of farmers and herdsmen is largely at the cost of large-scale degradation and desertification of grassland Since the ninth five year plan, the degraded and sandy area of grassland in the whole banner has accounted for more than 90% of the total area, the animal husbandry economy has been stagnant, and the income of farmers and herdsmen has been growing slowly How to improve the ecological environment, ensure the healthy development of animal husbandry and increase the income of farmers and herdsmen? On the basis of a large number of investigations and demonstrations, in 1998, the flag Committee and the flag government proposed that we should change the mode of production and operation, and take the way of combining grazing prohibition, seasonal grazing cessation, regional rotation and model farming Model breeding is to build a unified standard shed and forage base, and formulate a unified standard forage formula and feeding mode, with 16 technical standards The first is to improve the awareness of farmers and herdsmen through publicity Since the second half of 1998, the flag has organized three on-site meetings of the whole flag, 27 regional on-site meetings and more than 100 various symposiums Next is the typical demonstration In 1999, a total of 300 high-standard captive households were selected as the demonstration, and it was successful In 2000, 1000 households were developed, and this year another 3000 were added Third, adjust measures to local conditions In the hard beam water poor area, the livestock should be determined by grass strictly, and the combination of seasonal rest grazing, district rotation grazing and model breeding should be adopted; in the rich water area of shachuan, the base of irrigation forage should be vigorously developed, and the combination of grazing prohibition and model breeding should be adopted Fourth, improve the level of scientific animal husbandry The 16 technical standards of model house feeding include the basic contents of scientific animal husbandry Fifth, market pulling Since 1999, regular market has been set up in every Sumu (town) of the whole banner; in 2000, the banner introduced Ningxia Great Wall company, invested more than 10 million yuan to set up "Ordos halal livestock products trading market", which has the ability to trade 1.5 million livestock annually Sixth, policy guidance In coordination with the financial department, the government of the banner will give 10000 yuan of low interest loan support to each model farmer; 400 yuan will be awarded to each model farmer; and 30 yuan will be awarded to each model farmer At present, the area of rotation grazing in the whole banner accounts for 42.5%, 21.3% and 36.2% of the total grassland area respectively The first is to improve the ecological environment In this year's drought year, the vegetation coverage, grass height and plant community of the whole banner grassland are significantly better than those of the previous years, and better than the surrounding areas The grass yield per unit area of the grassland has multiplied Second, the economic benefits of animal husbandry and the income of farmers and herdsmen have increased significantly Through the model breeding, the cashmere production of each goat is 150-250g higher than that of the stocking; the daily weight gain of the sheep during the fattening period can reach 250g, and 3-4 batches can be listed in one year, realizing the balanced listing in the whole year According to the calculation, compared with the general farmers and herdsmen, the annual per capita net income of the model farmers increased by more than 1OOO; the model farmers, accounting for 35% of the total farmers and herdsmen, can increase the per capita income of the whole banner farmers and herdsmen by more than 300 yuan this year.