ESMO Open: Immunosuppressant therapy can reduce the incidence of secondary secondary primary cancer

During long-term follow-up after the first primary cancer (FPC), more than 5% of patients were diagnosed with secondary primary cancer (SPC), and more and more of these patients were even more than 10% in recent studies.
study aims to explore the effects of immuno-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) on secondary SPC in FPC patients of different ages, cancer types, and treatments.
Heudel and others analyzed the medical records of 46,829 patients diagnosed with FPC at the Leon Ballard Center between 2013 and 2018.
to extract structured data, screen electronic patient records using natural language processing tools, and manually screen records of 2,818 patients for validation.
single-factor and multi-factor analysis of the occurrence of SPC according to patient characteristics and treatment methods.
1830 (3.9%) of the 46,829 patients were diagnosed with SPC during follow-up, with a mean interval of 11.1 months (0 to 78 months), while 18,128 (38.7%) patients received cytotoxic chemotherapy (CC) and 1163 (2.5%) received ICI treatment.
7 (0.6%) of FPC patients receiving ICI treatment were relayed SPC, while 437 (2.6%) and 1386 (4.8%) of FPC patients receiving CC and non-ICI treatment were relaying SPC.
reduction was observed in all age groups and tissue types analyzed in this study.
in multivariable analysis, SPC risk reduction was associated with FPC patients treated with ICI and/or CC.
, in all ages and types of cancer, the use of ICI immunotherapy or combined CC therapy alone by cancer patients can reduce the incidence of SPC.