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*For reference only for medical professionals, let's take a deep dive into isoflavones today
.
You may be a little confused when it comes to flavonoids at first, but you must be familiar with the big stars of the flavonoid family such as rutin, quercetin, and silymarin
.
Known as antioxidants, they have been widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and liver damage.
Today, we will not mention their existing glory, let's talk about flavonoids and Parkinson's disease (PD) love and hate hatred
.
Ingestion of flavonoids reduces PD risk In 2012, Dr.
Xiang Gao and his team at the Channing Laboratory of Harvard Medical School published a prospective clinical study to investigate flavonoids and their subclasses (such as flavonoids) Whether alkanone, anthocyanin, etc.
) intake is associated with a decreased risk of PD
.
Based on the Health Professional Follow-up Study and Nurses' Health Study databases, the study identified 805 participants, 438 men and 367 women, who were in the follow-up PD occurred between 20 and 22 years
.
The researchers also collected the dietary information of the subjects, and sorted out the five main sources of flavonoid-rich foods (tea, berries, apples, red wine, and orange juice), and determined the frequency and intake of the subjects.
.
To avoid confounding by other factors, the subjects' age, tobacco and alcohol intake, and caffeine intake were also recorded
.
The diagnosis of PD was collected through a self-report questionnaire, and further medical records were collected after the subject reported to confirm the diagnosis
.
The diagnosis is established when the patient presents with at least two of the three symptoms of resting tremor, rigidity, and slowness of movement
.
The study showed that subjects with higher intake of flavonoids were older, did not smoke more, and had lower alcohol intake, but higher intakes of vitamin C and beta-carotene, and healthier eating patterns
.
Combining flavonoid intake and prevalence, the researchers found that increased flavonoid intake significantly reduced the risk of PD in men, but this trend was not observed in women
.
In men, the multivariate-adjusted HR was as high as 0.
6 (40% risk reduction) for the highest versus lowest quintile of total flavonoid intake
.
Further distinguishing between flavonoids, the researchers found that increased anthocyanin intake was significantly associated with a lower risk of PD
.
Also reducing the risk of PD are flavonols, quercetin, pelargonidin, and epicatechin and procyanidin dimers
.
Table: Apple intake is associated with reduced risk of PD in men Not just a 2012 study, but a study published last year in Neurology showed that eating at least half a serving of flavonoids such as strawberries, oranges, peppers, and apples per day People who are high in food may have a reduced risk of cognitive decline by up to 20%
.
Of these foods, the flavonoids found in yellow or orange fruits and vegetables had the strongest protective properties and were associated with a 38% lower risk of cognitive decline, which translates to 3-4 years younger
.
Blueberries, blackberries and cherries are second only to orange/yellow fruits and vegetables in protection, and contain anthocyanins that reduce the risk of cognitive decline by 24%
.
Flavonoid intake is associated with a reduced risk of death from PD After talking about the relationship between flavonoids and a reduced risk of PD, let’s talk about secondary prevention
.
In January 2022, the team of Gao Xiang, director of the Department of Nutritional Epidemiology at Penn State University, published another paper to discuss the protective effect of flavonoids on PD patients
.
For the study, researchers analyzed data from patients with recently diagnosed PD, 599 women and 652 men
.
The questionnaire included the frequency of consumption of flavonoid-rich foods (eg, tea, apples, berries, oranges and orange juice, and red wine) and further inferred flavonoid intake
.
After controlling for factors such as age and some dietary factors, such as total calorie consumption and overall diet quality, the researchers found that participants in the 25% highest flavonoid consumption group had a 70% higher chance of survival than the lowest group.
%
.
The average daily intake of flavonoids in the highest intake group was 673 mg, while that in the lowest group consumed 134 mg per day, which was less than 1/5 of that in the highest group
.
Likewise, the researchers continued to analyze the effects of different flavonoids
.
They found the strongest protective effects were anthocyanins and flavanols, both of which were higher in red wine, berries, apples and tea
.
Correlation, but still suggestive Although the above-mentioned studies have only confirmed the correlation between flavonoid intake and neuroprotection, causality has not been established
.
But it still has important implications for guiding the public's daily diet
.
Studies have confirmed that after the use of blueberry or strawberry extracts, the concentration of anthocyanins in the brain increases significantly beyond the peripheral tissues
.
Blueberry and strawberry extracts have good neuroprotective effects, can increase dopamine release, reduce oxidative stress and inhibit neuroinflammation, and the above mechanisms are also closely related to PD
.
Xinyuan Zhang, first author of the newly published paper, said: Flavonoids have antioxidant properties, so they may reduce chronic neuroinflammation levels, and may also interact with enzymes in brain cells and slow neuron loss, thereby preventing cognition.
recession and depression
.
And it just so happens that cognitive decline and depression are both associated with a higher risk of death
.
Want to make your brain age slower? You have to drink tea, eat apples, and maybe drink half a glass of red wine (not recommended for people who don't drink before)
.
References: [1] Gao X, Cassidy A, Schwarzschild MA, Rimm EB, Ascherio A.
Habitual intake of dietary flavonoids and risk of Parkinson disease.
Neurology.
2012;78(15):1138-1145.
doi:10.
1212/WNL .
0b013e31824f7fc4[2]https://medicalxpress.
com/news/2021-07-adding-plate-cognitive-decline.
html[3]Zhang X, Molsberry SA, Yeh TS, et al.
Intake of Flavonoids and Flavonoid-Rich Foods, and Mortality Risk Among Individuals With Parkinson Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study [published online ahead of print, 2022 Jan 26].
Neurology.
2022;10.
1212/WNL.
0000000000013275.
doi:10.
1212/WNL.
0000000000013275[4]https:/ /medicalxpress.
com/news/2022-01-flavonoids-mortality-people-parkinson-disease.
html
.
You may be a little confused when it comes to flavonoids at first, but you must be familiar with the big stars of the flavonoid family such as rutin, quercetin, and silymarin
.
Known as antioxidants, they have been widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and liver damage.
Today, we will not mention their existing glory, let's talk about flavonoids and Parkinson's disease (PD) love and hate hatred
.
Ingestion of flavonoids reduces PD risk In 2012, Dr.
Xiang Gao and his team at the Channing Laboratory of Harvard Medical School published a prospective clinical study to investigate flavonoids and their subclasses (such as flavonoids) Whether alkanone, anthocyanin, etc.
) intake is associated with a decreased risk of PD
.
Based on the Health Professional Follow-up Study and Nurses' Health Study databases, the study identified 805 participants, 438 men and 367 women, who were in the follow-up PD occurred between 20 and 22 years
.
The researchers also collected the dietary information of the subjects, and sorted out the five main sources of flavonoid-rich foods (tea, berries, apples, red wine, and orange juice), and determined the frequency and intake of the subjects.
.
To avoid confounding by other factors, the subjects' age, tobacco and alcohol intake, and caffeine intake were also recorded
.
The diagnosis of PD was collected through a self-report questionnaire, and further medical records were collected after the subject reported to confirm the diagnosis
.
The diagnosis is established when the patient presents with at least two of the three symptoms of resting tremor, rigidity, and slowness of movement
.
The study showed that subjects with higher intake of flavonoids were older, did not smoke more, and had lower alcohol intake, but higher intakes of vitamin C and beta-carotene, and healthier eating patterns
.
Combining flavonoid intake and prevalence, the researchers found that increased flavonoid intake significantly reduced the risk of PD in men, but this trend was not observed in women
.
In men, the multivariate-adjusted HR was as high as 0.
6 (40% risk reduction) for the highest versus lowest quintile of total flavonoid intake
.
Further distinguishing between flavonoids, the researchers found that increased anthocyanin intake was significantly associated with a lower risk of PD
.
Also reducing the risk of PD are flavonols, quercetin, pelargonidin, and epicatechin and procyanidin dimers
.
Table: Apple intake is associated with reduced risk of PD in men Not just a 2012 study, but a study published last year in Neurology showed that eating at least half a serving of flavonoids such as strawberries, oranges, peppers, and apples per day People who are high in food may have a reduced risk of cognitive decline by up to 20%
.
Of these foods, the flavonoids found in yellow or orange fruits and vegetables had the strongest protective properties and were associated with a 38% lower risk of cognitive decline, which translates to 3-4 years younger
.
Blueberries, blackberries and cherries are second only to orange/yellow fruits and vegetables in protection, and contain anthocyanins that reduce the risk of cognitive decline by 24%
.
Flavonoid intake is associated with a reduced risk of death from PD After talking about the relationship between flavonoids and a reduced risk of PD, let’s talk about secondary prevention
.
In January 2022, the team of Gao Xiang, director of the Department of Nutritional Epidemiology at Penn State University, published another paper to discuss the protective effect of flavonoids on PD patients
.
For the study, researchers analyzed data from patients with recently diagnosed PD, 599 women and 652 men
.
The questionnaire included the frequency of consumption of flavonoid-rich foods (eg, tea, apples, berries, oranges and orange juice, and red wine) and further inferred flavonoid intake
.
After controlling for factors such as age and some dietary factors, such as total calorie consumption and overall diet quality, the researchers found that participants in the 25% highest flavonoid consumption group had a 70% higher chance of survival than the lowest group.
%
.
The average daily intake of flavonoids in the highest intake group was 673 mg, while that in the lowest group consumed 134 mg per day, which was less than 1/5 of that in the highest group
.
Likewise, the researchers continued to analyze the effects of different flavonoids
.
They found the strongest protective effects were anthocyanins and flavanols, both of which were higher in red wine, berries, apples and tea
.
Correlation, but still suggestive Although the above-mentioned studies have only confirmed the correlation between flavonoid intake and neuroprotection, causality has not been established
.
But it still has important implications for guiding the public's daily diet
.
Studies have confirmed that after the use of blueberry or strawberry extracts, the concentration of anthocyanins in the brain increases significantly beyond the peripheral tissues
.
Blueberry and strawberry extracts have good neuroprotective effects, can increase dopamine release, reduce oxidative stress and inhibit neuroinflammation, and the above mechanisms are also closely related to PD
.
Xinyuan Zhang, first author of the newly published paper, said: Flavonoids have antioxidant properties, so they may reduce chronic neuroinflammation levels, and may also interact with enzymes in brain cells and slow neuron loss, thereby preventing cognition.
recession and depression
.
And it just so happens that cognitive decline and depression are both associated with a higher risk of death
.
Want to make your brain age slower? You have to drink tea, eat apples, and maybe drink half a glass of red wine (not recommended for people who don't drink before)
.
References: [1] Gao X, Cassidy A, Schwarzschild MA, Rimm EB, Ascherio A.
Habitual intake of dietary flavonoids and risk of Parkinson disease.
Neurology.
2012;78(15):1138-1145.
doi:10.
1212/WNL .
0b013e31824f7fc4[2]https://medicalxpress.
com/news/2021-07-adding-plate-cognitive-decline.
html[3]Zhang X, Molsberry SA, Yeh TS, et al.
Intake of Flavonoids and Flavonoid-Rich Foods, and Mortality Risk Among Individuals With Parkinson Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study [published online ahead of print, 2022 Jan 26].
Neurology.
2022;10.
1212/WNL.
0000000000013275.
doi:10.
1212/WNL.
0000000000013275[4]https:/ /medicalxpress.
com/news/2022-01-flavonoids-mortality-people-parkinson-disease.
html
