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The global effort to map the genomes of all known plant, animal, fungal and other microbial life is entering a new phase, moving from pilot projects to full sequencing
.
This new phase of the Earth Biogenome Project (EBP) is marked by a series of papers published in the latest issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, describing the project's goals, achievements to date and next steps
"The essence of EBP is that it is the largest collaborative effort in the history of biology
.
It stretches from basic science to breakthrough applications, addressing a range of pressing global issues, such as preventing biodiversity loss and adapting food crops to climate change
Launched in November 2018, the goal of EBP is to provide the complete DNA sequence catalog of all 1.
8 million named species of plants, animals and fungi, as well as single-celled eukaryotes
.
Without action to curb climate change and protect the health of global ecosystems, the planet is projected to lose 50 percent of its biodiversity by the end of the century
.
Creating a digital library of DNA sequences for all known eukaryotes helps provide effective tools for preventing biodiversity loss and the spread of pathogens, monitoring and protecting ecosystems, and enhancing ecosystem services
By 2023, the goal of Phase 1 of the EBP is to generate reference genomes representing approximately 9,400 taxonomic families
.
To date, the affiliate project has produced about 200 such reference genomes, with more than 3,000 expected to be sequenced, assembled and annotated by the end of 2022, about one-third of the Phase 1 goal
The project covers the California Conservation Genomes Project (US), Darwin's Tree of Life Project (UK and Ireland), the Vertebrate Genomes Project and the 10,000 Bird Genomes Project
.
As of December 2021, the EBP program includes 5,000 scientists and technicians from 44 member institutions in 22 countries on every continent except Antarctica
.
Covering most major eukaryotic taxa, 49 affiliate projects provide access to tens of thousands of high-quality samples from museum collections and field biologists
Editor-in-Chief
This is a massive global project called the "next biological moonshot" after the Human Genome Project (HGP)
.
Before the start of the project, humans have only completed the genome sequencing of a very small number of complex life species.
