Diversity in complex landscape environments forms interpretation and detection schemes.

Biodiversity is not only of high scientific and aesthetic value, but also the foundation and important strategic resource of ecosystem services.
is an urgent need for the whole society to understand and protect biodiversity scientifically at a time when people and environment are increasingly conflicting.
The mountains of southwest China are the most important mountain biodiversity hotspots in the world.
the uplift of the Himalayas and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, as well as its own tectonic movement, form a complex landscape represented by the "three rivers running side by side".
mountains-river interaction isolation of the landscape and the environmental altitude gradient on the huge mountain provides the biological "cradle" of evolution and the "sanctuary" of global environmental change.
Although the academic community agrees that the unique environment plays an important role in regional biodiversity, it has been over-borrowing the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ascent and isolation differentiation () model to explain the formation of different levels of biodiversity, seriously misunderstanding the formation mechanism of current biological species in the mountains of southwestern China (Renner, 2016 Journal Bio of Geography).
in particular recent studies of paleoplant communities suggest that the mountains of southwestern China may have risen to their current heights in the early early days (about 30 million years ago) (Su et al., 2018, National Science Review).
the above evidence, the current species in the mountains of southwest China mainly form from the same landscape and landscape environment as today.
at the same time, jiang Xuelong of the Kunming Institute of Zoology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has studied small mammals in the southwestern mountains of China in the past decade and found that the hidden species of narrow distribution is an important component of the diversity of small animals in the region (he et al., 2010; Liu et al., 2012;genus Wan et al., 2013 ); Chen et al., 2016; Koju et al., 2016; White-tailed rat genus Zhang et al., 2016; pig-tailed rat genus Cheng et al., 2017; long-tailedgenhe et al., 2017).
these findings raise a new question about the formation of biodiversity - why highly complex landscape sandals favour the formation of new species (i.e., hidden species) that are highly genetically polarized but morphologically indistinguishable.
to answer this question, the researchers looked at the Asian , as previous studies have shown that this unique group in the southwestern Chinese mountains has a high hidden diversity (Wan et al., 2013).
By analyzing genealogical geographic analysis of nearly 200 samples collected from different parts of the southwest mountainous region, the researchers found: (1) the five morphological species that can be distinguished from the current classification system actually include at least 15 independently evolved branches, suggesting that the hidden diversity of this group needs to be further clarified in taxonomy; Environmental dependence is an important factor in isolation and differentiation among each other, (3) The correlation analysis of spatial distance-genetic distance points out that the Asianrely on the cool zone of "Sky Island"-like distribution in the mountains of southwest China; (4) The ecological location model shows the long-term stability of the southwest mountain area such as "Sky Island", suggesting that different branches are still subjected to similar environmental pressure in the isolated environment, thus leading to a lack of morphological variation, resulting in the formation of a hidden species.
the study of Asianprovides a set of reasonable explanation and detection program for the formation of diversity in complex landscape environment, has some enlightenment to animal diversity and protection in the mountains of southwest China, the research results were recently published in the Journal of the International Society of Biogeography Journal of Journal of Biogeography, Kunming Animal Ecology and Evolution Of the Group wan Wei and He Wei as co-first author of the article, Kunming Animal Research Institute researcher Jiang Xuelong is the author of the article.
the research was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology's Key Research and Development Program (2017YFC050202), the National Natural Science Foundation Youth Fund (31601852), the National Study Abroad Foundation Committee (201704910429) and the Japan Academic Revitalization Postdoctoral Foundation (P16092).
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