Cytokine storm affects vaccine durability

release of a protein called cytokines, which can lead to some of the most severe symptoms of neocyto pneumonia (COVID-19). When a large number of immune cells release cytokines, inflammation increases and a feedback loop is generated, so that more immune cells are activated, sometimes referred to as cytokine storms. "We've seen a lot of studies showing that immunity to COVID-19 doesn't last because antibodies decline over time," said Cell
, a journal published On August 19th. "This study provides a mechanism to explain this low-quality immune response," said Shiv Pillai, co-senior author of the paper and a professor at Harvard Medical School and a member of the Lagan Institute. The
focused on the differentiated regions of the birth center, the lymph nodes and the visceral B cells of the spleen, the immune cells that produce antibodies. The differentiation and alteration of antibody genes is necessary to establish immunity against infectious pathogens.
when we looked at the lymph nodes and spleen of patients who died of COVID-19, including some who died shortly after getting sick, we found that the structure of these birth centers had not yet been formed," he said. "We decided to find out why," said co-senior author Robert Padera, a professor of pathology at Harvard Medical School. The
because COVID-19 is a new disease, they did not have animal models for new coronavirus infections when they started their research. Instead, the researchers obtained some information from previous studies involving mouse models of other infections that induce cytokine storm syndrome -- a model of malaria and a model of bacterial infection that lost its birth center.
in severe COVID-19 patients, the largest release of a cytokine is called TNF. In infected mice, TNF seemed to block the formation of the birth center. In previous cytokine storm models, birth centers were formed when antibodies were injected into mice to block TNF or remove the TNF gene. When the researchers looked at the lymph nodes of patients who died of the disease, they found high levels of TNF in these organs. This led them to conclude that TNF may also have prevented COVID-19 patients from forming birth centers.
" studies have shown that this lack of birth centers can occur when SARS is infected. "We don't even think it's going to happen in some Ebola patients, so it's not surprising. The
also looked at the blood and lymphatic tissue of infected people at different stages of COVID-19. They found that B cells were activated and appeared in the blood, even though no birth centers were formed, which would cause the patient to produce some meso-antibodies. "It's an immune response." "It just doesn't come from the hair center," Padera said. "
" has no hair center, antigen has no long-term memory. Pillai added. He points out that studies of coronavirus, which causes colds, suggest that a person may be infected with the same coronavirus three to four times in a year.
the findings, the authors say they still believe a successful COVID-19 vaccine can be developed without leading to high levels of cytokine release. (Source: Tang Erdu, China Science Journal)
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