Current situation and future development direction of energy feed

Introduction: the development of energy feed the application proportion of energy feed in the global feed is more than 65% in the world, and 75% in China It is reported that the amount of corn used in feed in the United States is more than 75% At the same time, the consumption of deep-processing corn is increasing year by year The consumption of fuel ethanol, DDGS, DDS and corn gluten meal is about 15% In addition, the United States exports about 10% of corn, which is mainly used in feed The northeast and North China are the main corn producing areas, accounting for more than 70% of the total output In the western part of China, the yield of corn is low and the yield of wheat is high It has great potential to replace corn as the main energy feed The quality of wheat planted in the south of China is poor, so it is difficult to produce high quality flour, but it can be used as feed The Central Plains and North China of China are rich in wheat, many of which are also common wheat and of average quality As a result of successive years of harvest, wheat inventory is very large, which has become a great financial burden for local and central governments Therefore, expanding the application of wheat in feed has become one of the ways to solve this problem The habit of using energy feed and the development of wheat are the main food crops in the world, which are widely used in feed In the main wheat producing areas of the former Soviet Union, Europe and North America, wheat was basically used as the main energy feed in animal feed, while corn was rarely used Wheat is also widely used in livestock feed in Canada The use of barley in Europe is also considerable The value of wheat as energy feed is lower than that of corn, but higher than barley and oats, and similar to sorghum The chemical composition of wheat varies greatly with varieties, planting areas and climate The content and composition of non starch polysaccharides are important factors affecting the nutritional value of wheat, especially the metabolic energy of wheat In the developed countries of animal husbandry in northern Europe, barley is used as the main concentrate feed, and the effective energy value of barley is used as the benchmark to evaluate the effective energy value of feed In the United States, about 60% of barley is used for feed, while in Western Europe, 70% - 90% of barley is used for animal husbandry The development of Indian feed industry and energy feed comes from the data of international feed magazine In recent years, Indian feed industry has developed rapidly, and its energy feed materials are mainly rice and wheat Compared with China, Indian wheat is widely used, and the low yield of corn is also the main reason India's wheat production level is relatively low in terms of both per unit yield and total yield, so India may have more development potential than China in a certain period of time in the future From the perspective of future development trend, wheat will still occupy the leading position of energy feed in India [NextPage] the use of energy feed in feed and its impact on the price of livestock and poultry products At present, China's animal husbandry is in a critical period of transformation from traditional production mode dominated by free range farming to large-scale, intensive, specialized and modern production mode Actively promoting moderate scale and intensive feeding mode will greatly increase the demand for feed materials, including energy feed Therefore, we should not only solve the problem of shortage of protein raw materials We should also realize that the shortage of energy feed will also restrict the development of feed industry Corn is widely planted in the world, with an annual output of 600 million tons in recent years Its use in feed has become an irreplaceable mainstay With the exception of wheat and rice, which are mostly used in Europe, corn accounts for up to 70% of feed Feed dependence on corn is also affected by its price trend When the price of corn is in the rising cycle and reaches a certain height, the price of livestock and poultry products with high correlation will rise to a certain extent In addition, we can see from the price trend of livestock and poultry over the years that, with the increase of intensive level, the price correlation between livestock and poultry products and corn is higher and higher In recent years, feed consumption of wheat and rice has increased year by year Due to the obvious regional and seasonal characteristics of corn, rice and barley production, some rice producing countries have implemented rice feeding in varying degrees Since the 1970s, Japan has systematically and deeply carried out super high yield breeding of rice At present, several large grain super high yield forage varieties have been successfully cultivated India, Indonesia, Vietnam and other countries are also trying to promote the development of special feed rice, the implementation of human and animal rice Wheat bran, commonly known as bran, is a by-product of wheat flour processing It is difficult to generalize the bran yield because of the different milling technology and blending ratio In general, the yield of wheat is more than 10% According to this output rate, the actual amount of wheat bran used for feed in China is estimated to be about 10 million tons The total output of other energy feed sweet potato accounts for about 70% of the total output of potatoes, and the annual output is about 85 million tons (fresh weight) The crude protein content is only 4%, less than half of corn; the crude fat content is very low, about 0.8% The content of essential amino acids is far from meeting the needs of livestock and poultry, and the content of effective energy value is high It can be used as part of energy feed instead of corn in compound feed The content of mineral and microelement in sweet potato is very low, but the difference between regions is very obvious [NextPage] the development potential and trend of energy feed in China in the future the development potential of corn energy feed -- the most widely used energy feed in China -- corn production has a low degree of intensification and specialization, the planting area of high-quality and high-yield special feed corn is less, which can not meet the needs of rapid development of feed industry China is a big country of grain production and straw production It can produce about 600 million tons of straw every year, and comprehensively utilize 400 million tons There are still about 200 million tons unused What has been utilized is extensive and low-level utilization If the technology of straw silage, ammoniation, mechanical processing and development of full mixed ration is adopted, the 200 million tons of straw can be fully utilized to produce herbivorous animal feed, which can save 60 million tons of food for feed, effectively improve milk production and quality of dairy cows, reduce feed and labor costs, and improve breeding efficiency Straw is rich in energy and nutrients After scientific treatment, it can be used as an important resource of feed in China It has great potential for development and utilization, and has a broad prospect There is a shortage of high-quality energy feed, and there are more by-products such as bran Corn is the main energy feed in China, accounting for 60% of the total feed The distribution of corn in China is unbalanced, mainly in the northeast and North China, so the amount of corn used for industrial feed production is still insufficient, especially in the south The proportion of wheat, rice and other grains used as feed is relatively small, which is greatly affected by the price As a high-quality energy, the oil is very scarce, and the vegetable oil still needs to be imported, while the animal oil is also difficult to be concentrated for feed because of the scattered slaughter of livestock and poultry and people's eating habits So the feed industry of our country depends on corn greatly, and limits the increase of energy concentration of compound feed in our country The development trend of energy feed in the future through the research on the development status and trend of corn deep processing industry, China's corn deep processing industry is in the development process, and the original properties of corn are developing and changing, especially the production and development of fuel ethanol and corn chemical alcohol, which makes corn become renewable energy and renewable industrial raw materials instead of oil According to the energy and resource characteristics of corn, the market will relocate the value of corn But it is still to be seen that corn, as the main energy feed, its position is still hard to shake According to the growth rate of feed in the 11th five year plan, the proportion of corn consumption in feed in China is expected to decrease, while the proportion of wheat and rice for feed will increase [NextPage] the impact of the development of domestic feed industry on energy feed To cultivate new and efficient corn varieties, known as the "king of feed", is the most important energy feed, but its protein content is low, its quality is poor, and it lacks essential amino acids such as lysine and tryptophan Therefore, improving the protein content and quality of maize has always been the goal of maize genetic breeding Through the traditional hybrid breeding method, high protein corn has been successfully cultivated, such as the protein of flory-2 corn can reach 17%; the content of lysine and tryptophan of high lysine corn is more than 50% higher than that of common corn, and the amino acid composition is better The resistance of the first high lysine maize varieties to disease is weakened, and the yield is not high At present, there has been a breakthrough Some high lysine varieties have been popularized in production Compared with the common corn, the high nutrient concentration corn cultivated by genetic engineering technology has 30% higher lysine content, 50% higher sulfur amino acid, 18% higher threonine, 100% higher tryptophan and 6% higher energy It is reported that among the factors that science and technology can increase the production of animal husbandry, 49% are improved feed, 26% are improved feed, 15% are improved breed, and 10% are improved animal health Therefore, to promote the popularization of compound feed, to improve the economic value of feed, to reduce the hidden waste, can make the energy feed avoid the situation of importing a lot of soybean in the future It is also an important way for feed industry to reduce hidden waste through integration of production, trade and other links Based on the international feed resources, one of the outstanding characteristics of the development of modern feed industry is the global resource sharing China has joined the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001 Because of the decrease of tariff and the lower cost of raw material production in foreign countries, the trade pattern of grain export decrease and import increase will be formed In the pattern of corn and soybean trade, it is the best choice for domestic feed industry to seek for international feed resources and make up for the shortage of domestic feed resources It should be noted that in this process, China's feed industry is seeking to become a pricing center Adjust and optimize the production structure of the breeding industry and vigorously develop the feed industry Focusing on the development idea of "stabilizing pig production, speeding up the development of herbivore and poultry production", and according to the market demand at home and abroad, as well as the resources and regional advantages, the fine varieties with high remuneration should closely combine the adjustment of animal husbandry structure with the voluntary, market demand, resource development, scientific and technological progress and industrial operation of farmers, and focus on the development of appropriate scale breeding We should optimize the production scale structure, actively adjust and optimize the production structure of the breeding industry, and establish the characteristic industrial structure of grain saving, high yield, high quality and high efficiency according to local conditions, so as to reduce the hidden waste of energy feed.