Commun Biol: Scientists hope to develop new treatment for bowel cancer

, July 6, 2020 /PRNewswire
/ -- In a study published in the international journalCommunications Biology, scientists from the University of Vienna Medical University and others have discovered new forms of intestinal cancer treatment after researchers identified an unknown molecular mechanism involved in bowel cancer thatbacteriamicrobiomes that activate Pan's cells (Pane' The so-called immune checkpoint Ido1, a special cell found only in the gastrointestinal tract that prevents local intestinal inflammation, but also produces an immunosuppressive region where intestinal tumors occur, so Pan's cells may be able to act as a new type of cell target to help researchers develop immunotherapy againsttumors
in the gutPicture Source: CC0 Public Domain
Cancer cells spawn mechanisms that promote their detection and destruction by the host immune system, which limits the immune activity of body fluids and cells mediated by the surrounding connective tissue, and makes cancer cells resistant to therapy;Pan's cells, a type of adenoid cell that exists in the gastrointestinal region that supports the division of the intestinalstem cells, and the researchers found that Pan's cells that produce Ido1 (pyridomine-2, 3-doxygenase-1, indoleamine-2, 3-dioxygenase-1) can inhibit the activity of the intestinal cryopathy and tumortheimmune system in the immune system to fight intestinal cancerThe researchers then knocked out the transcription factor called Stat1 in the intestinal epithelial cells of ApcMinmice (ApcMin mice produce intestinal tumors due to mutations in the Apc gene in the body) and found that the tumors in mice were reduced and malignant, in addition to the immune cells that played a key role in thetumordefense, including cytotoxic T lymphocytesthe researchers then used RNA sequencing techniques to find that tumors missing Stat1 showed a decrease in ido1 gene expression levels, while Ido1 encoded a particular enzyme to produce a metabolite, canine, which inhibited the tumor's immune response and thus promoted tumor growthLater studies showed that ApcMin tumors carrying the complete Stat1 gene contained special cells that could express Ido1,
and researchers found similar cells in human intestinal polyps that did not exist in the ApcMintumorthat were missing Stat1;expression of Ido1 in Pan's cells is stimulated by interactions between bacterial microbiomes, researcher Eferl explains, and according to our hypothesis,bacterialmicrobiome induces the expression of Ido1 immune checkpoints in Pan's cells
, thereby suppressing local intestinal inflammation; (BioValleyBioon.com)original origins:Pfl?gler, S., Svinka, J., Scharf, Iet al.
IDO1 plus Paneth cells promote immune escape of colorectal cancer.
Commun Biol 3, 252 (2020) doi: 10.1038/s42003-020-0989-y