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According to the source of the antigen and the kinship with the host, it refers to the material from outside the body
.
The preparation methods are further divided into: 1.
Natural antigens refer to proteins, polysaccharides and binding proteins existing in nature
.
Such antigens have large relative molecular weights and complex structures, and it is difficult to study the specificity of their immunogenicity and reactogenicity.
important content
.
(1) Xenogeneic antigens Antigenic substances derived from heterologous animals, plants and microorganisms are called xenoantigens
.
Such as various pathogenic microorganisms and their exotoxins, xenogeneic animal serum (such as tetanus antitoxin), xenogeneic proteins, pollen, etc.
, they are far from species related to humans and are strong antigens
.
(2) Alloantigen The antigenic differences of various tissue components that exist between different individuals of the same animal are called alloantigens
.
This antigen is subject to genetics, and it elicits an immune response among genetically distinct individuals
.
Such as blood transfusion reactions caused by different blood types (A, B, Rh factors, etc.
); different histocompatibility antigens, causing rejection of allogeneic organ transplantation
.
2.
Artificial antigens Antigens containing determinants of known chemical structures are prepared by chemical synthesis or gene recombination, which are called artificial antigens
.
3.
Self-antigen (autoantigen) The self-tissue component that can cause an immune response is called self-antigen
.
Normal self-tissue components and humoral components are in a state of immune tolerance and cannot stimulate immune responses, but if self-tolerance is broken, autoimmune responses can be induced; common self-antigens include hidden self-antigens and altered self-antigens
.
(1) Under normal circumstances, hidden self-antigens cannot enter the bloodstream due to the tissue barrier, so they cannot contact with immune cells and cannot stimulate immune responses; such as: brain tissue, ocular lens protein, sperm, etc.
; When such antigens can enter the bloodstream for other reasons, an autoimmune response can be induced
.
(2) Pathogenic microorganisms or certain chemical drugs infected with modified self-antigens can bind to self-tissue proteins and change their molecular structure to form self-antigens; they can also cause immune responses
.
4.
Heterophilic antigens Common antigens between different species of animal tissues are called heterophilic antigens or common antigens
.
.
The preparation methods are further divided into: 1.
Natural antigens refer to proteins, polysaccharides and binding proteins existing in nature
.
Such antigens have large relative molecular weights and complex structures, and it is difficult to study the specificity of their immunogenicity and reactogenicity.
important content
.
(1) Xenogeneic antigens Antigenic substances derived from heterologous animals, plants and microorganisms are called xenoantigens
.
Such as various pathogenic microorganisms and their exotoxins, xenogeneic animal serum (such as tetanus antitoxin), xenogeneic proteins, pollen, etc.
, they are far from species related to humans and are strong antigens
.
(2) Alloantigen The antigenic differences of various tissue components that exist between different individuals of the same animal are called alloantigens
.
This antigen is subject to genetics, and it elicits an immune response among genetically distinct individuals
.
Such as blood transfusion reactions caused by different blood types (A, B, Rh factors, etc.
); different histocompatibility antigens, causing rejection of allogeneic organ transplantation
.
2.
Artificial antigens Antigens containing determinants of known chemical structures are prepared by chemical synthesis or gene recombination, which are called artificial antigens
.
3.
Self-antigen (autoantigen) The self-tissue component that can cause an immune response is called self-antigen
.
Normal self-tissue components and humoral components are in a state of immune tolerance and cannot stimulate immune responses, but if self-tolerance is broken, autoimmune responses can be induced; common self-antigens include hidden self-antigens and altered self-antigens
.
(1) Under normal circumstances, hidden self-antigens cannot enter the bloodstream due to the tissue barrier, so they cannot contact with immune cells and cannot stimulate immune responses; such as: brain tissue, ocular lens protein, sperm, etc.
; When such antigens can enter the bloodstream for other reasons, an autoimmune response can be induced
.
(2) Pathogenic microorganisms or certain chemical drugs infected with modified self-antigens can bind to self-tissue proteins and change their molecular structure to form self-antigens; they can also cause immune responses
.
4.
Heterophilic antigens Common antigens between different species of animal tissues are called heterophilic antigens or common antigens
.
