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The combination of ultra-cold quantum gas and cavity quantum electrodynamics provides an ideal system for studying novel quantum phase transitions
.
The well-known Dicke model describes the collective interaction between the light field and atoms.
Under strong coupling, there will be a second-order quantum phase transition between the normal and steady-state superradiative phases
Haibin Wu’s research team and Associate Professor Chen Yu focused on this challenging topic.
Using ultra-cold Fermi 6 Li atoms, they developed a technical means to precisely control the frequency of the optical cavity and the temperature of the ultra-cold Fermi gas in a complex system.
The strong coupling between the cold Fermi atoms and the optical cavity makes the steady-state superradiation quantum phase transition of Fermi atoms observed for the first time, revealing the role of Fermi atom statistics in the steady-state superradiation quantum phase transition
.
A laser with a frequency lower than the resonance frequency of the atoms pumps ultra-cold Fermi atoms in the optical cavity transversely.
When the pump power is lower than a critical value (threshold), the gain of the light scattered in the optical cavity is smaller than the dissipation.
This research work provides an ideal platform for studying the non-equilibrium dynamics of the long-range interaction Fermi multibody state, and will open many new research directions for the realization of the use of photon-medium interaction to explore the long-range interaction fermion many-body physics The quantum simulation of Pave the way
Fig.
Figure 2 Steady-state superradiation quantum phase transition threshold and atomic number scaling rate
