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Click on the blue word to follow us Hello, everyone! Here is Neuroscience Weekly, sharing weekly research highlights! 01NEWScience: Subthreshold activity of hippocampal neurons converts excitatory and inhibitory inputs of neurons into electrical signals is one of the ways in which the brain processes information
.
February 3, 2022 NYU György Buzsáki's research team uses pulsed optogenetics to examine CA1 pyramidal neuron subthreshold activity dynamics during spikes, theta oscillations, field potentials: global excitatory steering synapses during spike ripples During theta oscillations, field potentials switch to the direction of synaptic excitation
.
Keywords: Pulse optogenetics, hippocampus, subthreshold activity For example, traffic lights appear alternately according to time), or it may be irregular but with a sequence structure (such as phone number 589635)
.
This ability to encode sequence information is critical for cognitive learning, language processing
.
On February 11, 2022, Wang Liping's research group from the Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligent Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences revealed the "dissociation" mechanism of the cerebral cortex for storing sequence information: the high-dimensional space of neuron groups is reduced to a two-dimensional space, and the coding sequence Each level has information in different and nearly orthogonal subspaces
.
Keywords: sequential working memory, macaque, prefrontal cortex, geometric
structure
Abnormal cerebral vascular function is related to stroke, Alzheimer's disease (AD), depression and other diseases
.
Cerebral blood vessels are traditionally thought to be composed of endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and pericytes, perivascular immune cells and astrocytes
.
On February 14, 2022, the research team of Tony Wyss-Coray of Stanford University has drawn a molecular map of brain blood vessels by single-cell sequencing of normal human and AD patient cortex and hippocampus tissue, further deepening the understanding of the molecular principles of the spatial organization of brain blood vessels
.
At the same time, extracellular matrix-labeled pericytes were found to play an important role in causing blood flow disorders in AD disease
.
Keywords: human, cerebral blood vessels, molecular atlas 04NEWSNature: The anxiety mystery of the gut-brain axis Disturbed gut microbiota is closely related to inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, depression, anxiety and other diseases
.
Animal experiments have shown that the gut microbiota regulates the production of neurotransmitters in the brain, which in turn affects brain development and myelination, as well as social, emotional, and anxiety-like behaviors
.
4-Ethylphenyl sulfate (4EPS), a metabolite of gut microbiota, is elevated in autism serum
.
On February 14, 2022, the Sarkis K.
Mazmanian research team at the California Institute of Technology found the answer: the gut microbial metabolite 4EPS regulates anxiety behavior by acting on oligodendrocytes
.
Keywords: gut microbiota, anxiety, oligodendrocytes Sleep, diet and many other physiological functions
.
On February 6, 2022, the research team of Tommaso Patriarchi of the University of Zurich developed a genetically encoded orexin fluorescent probe-OxLight1 based on the orexin type 2 receptor, which can dynamically detect orexin concentration during sleep and exercise with high spatiotemporal resolution.
.
Keywords: Gene-encoded fluorescent probe, orexin 06NEWSNeuron: Depression-related abnormal discharge Adverse stress events (stress) are the main factors that cause anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder
.
Animal experiments have shown that stress causes depressive-like behavioral disorders in mice and at the same time increases the firing activity of neurons in the lateral habenula (LHb)
.
On February 2, 2022, the research team of Yihui Cui, Zhejiang University School of Medicine revealed that the lateral hypothalamus is an electrophysiological mechanism that transmits stress-related information to the LHb area: the lateral hypothalamus drives cluster discharges in the LHb area with specific discharge activities
.
Keywords: stress, depression, lateral stiff nucleus, cluster discharge Diet increases
.
The Edinger-Westphal nucleus (EA) is located in the oculomotor accessory nucleus of the midbrain, which is widely projected to the spinal cord, cerebellum, and brainstem and other brain regions, and expresses urocortin 1 (UCN1), cholecystokinin (CCK), cocaine amphetamine-regulated transcription peptides (CART) positive neurons
.
On February 3, 2022, the research team of Nicolas Renier of the Brain Institute of the Sorbonne University in Paris revealed the key neuron group that regulates the adaptive behavior (nesting behavior) of pregnant mice: the CART-positive neuron group in the EA area, which inhibits this type of neuron group After inhibiting nesting behavior, activate the neuron to promote nesting behavior
.
Keywords: EA nucleus, neuropeptide-ergic neurons, nesting behavior, pregnancy 08NEWSNeuron: Neuropeptides regulate spleen immune response Sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system play an important role in regulating immune function
.
The spleen, the largest immune organ, receives innervation directly from sympathetic fibers and indirectly from the parasympathovagal nerve, which have synaptic connections with sympathetic neurons in the celiac ganglion (CG)
.
On February 7, 2022, the research team of Cao Gang from the School of Biomedicine and Health of Huazhong Agricultural University revealed in the journal Neuron that neuropeptide Y (NPY) precisely regulates the inflammatory response of the spleen, acting as an "interactive language" between the immune system and the central nervous system
.
Keywords: neuropeptide Y, spleen, immune response 09NEWSNN: Multiple sclerosis Multiple sclerosis syndrome A neurodegenerative disease characterized by demyelination
.
After demyelination, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) can generate new oligodendrocytes and regenerate axons, thus promoting oligodendrocyte regeneration as a potential target for the treatment of multiple sclerosis
.
14 February 2022 David A.
Lyons, University of Edinburgh finds that existing oligodendrocytes in the progression of multiple sclerosis produce little new myelin and often mistarget new myelin to neuronal cell bodies, but Newly formed oligodendrocytes produce more new myelin
.
Key words: multiple sclerosis, oligodendrocytes 010NEWSCell Metabolism: the neural circuit of drinking KLB encodes the protein β-klotho, which is the main part of the endocrine fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) receptor complex
.
Produced by the liver, FGF21 can pass the blood-brain barrier and play a key role in regulating energy metabolism
.
Animal experiments have shown that alcohol use can increase the expression level of FGF21 in the peripheral system, while exogenous increase of FGF21 can reduce alcohol consumption
.
On February 1, 2022, the research team of Matthew J.
Potthoff of the University of Iowa revealed that the increase of FGF21 caused by alcohol use is mainly produced by the liver, and FGF21 can specifically act on the projection of KLB-positive neurons in the BLA brain region to the nucleus accumbens.
neural circuits
.
Keywords: alcohol, fibroblast growth factor, amygdala, nucleus accumbens Acid transporters take up glutamate
.
The glutamate-glutamine theory that astrocytes take up glutamate from the synaptic cleft and convert it to glutamine, which is then re-transported to neurons for conversion to glutamate, is controversial
.
7 February 2022 Nathalie Rouach of the University of Arts and Sciences in Paris has developed a rhodamine-labeled glutamine probe - RhGln, and found that astrocytes near synapses during physiological processes transport glutamine to synapses after ingesting glutamine.
In the pretouch structure, this transport process is dependent on the astrocyte connexin Cx43 providing direct evidence for the supply of glutamine to astrocytes
.
Keywords: synaptic activity, astrocytes ,
glutamine In mammals, the emotional response to social isolation is stronger in females than in males .
8 February 2022 University of Edinburgh Kumi O.
Kuroda reveals amylin-calcitonin receptor signaling in the medial preoptic area mediates social behavior in adult female mice: reduced amylin expression in this brain region after social isolation , social interaction can promote amylin expression.
Keywords: social isolation, female, medial preoptic area
.
February 3, 2022 NYU György Buzsáki's research team uses pulsed optogenetics to examine CA1 pyramidal neuron subthreshold activity dynamics during spikes, theta oscillations, field potentials: global excitatory steering synapses during spike ripples During theta oscillations, field potentials switch to the direction of synaptic excitation
.
Keywords: Pulse optogenetics, hippocampus, subthreshold activity For example, traffic lights appear alternately according to time), or it may be irregular but with a sequence structure (such as phone number 589635)
.
This ability to encode sequence information is critical for cognitive learning, language processing
.
On February 11, 2022, Wang Liping's research group from the Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligent Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences revealed the "dissociation" mechanism of the cerebral cortex for storing sequence information: the high-dimensional space of neuron groups is reduced to a two-dimensional space, and the coding sequence Each level has information in different and nearly orthogonal subspaces
.
Keywords: sequential working memory, macaque, prefrontal cortex, geometric
structure
Abnormal cerebral vascular function is related to stroke, Alzheimer's disease (AD), depression and other diseases
.
Cerebral blood vessels are traditionally thought to be composed of endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and pericytes, perivascular immune cells and astrocytes
.
On February 14, 2022, the research team of Tony Wyss-Coray of Stanford University has drawn a molecular map of brain blood vessels by single-cell sequencing of normal human and AD patient cortex and hippocampus tissue, further deepening the understanding of the molecular principles of the spatial organization of brain blood vessels
.
At the same time, extracellular matrix-labeled pericytes were found to play an important role in causing blood flow disorders in AD disease
.
Keywords: human, cerebral blood vessels, molecular atlas 04NEWSNature: The anxiety mystery of the gut-brain axis Disturbed gut microbiota is closely related to inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease, depression, anxiety and other diseases
.
Animal experiments have shown that the gut microbiota regulates the production of neurotransmitters in the brain, which in turn affects brain development and myelination, as well as social, emotional, and anxiety-like behaviors
.
4-Ethylphenyl sulfate (4EPS), a metabolite of gut microbiota, is elevated in autism serum
.
On February 14, 2022, the Sarkis K.
Mazmanian research team at the California Institute of Technology found the answer: the gut microbial metabolite 4EPS regulates anxiety behavior by acting on oligodendrocytes
.
Keywords: gut microbiota, anxiety, oligodendrocytes Sleep, diet and many other physiological functions
.
On February 6, 2022, the research team of Tommaso Patriarchi of the University of Zurich developed a genetically encoded orexin fluorescent probe-OxLight1 based on the orexin type 2 receptor, which can dynamically detect orexin concentration during sleep and exercise with high spatiotemporal resolution.
.
Keywords: Gene-encoded fluorescent probe, orexin 06NEWSNeuron: Depression-related abnormal discharge Adverse stress events (stress) are the main factors that cause anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder
.
Animal experiments have shown that stress causes depressive-like behavioral disorders in mice and at the same time increases the firing activity of neurons in the lateral habenula (LHb)
.
On February 2, 2022, the research team of Yihui Cui, Zhejiang University School of Medicine revealed that the lateral hypothalamus is an electrophysiological mechanism that transmits stress-related information to the LHb area: the lateral hypothalamus drives cluster discharges in the LHb area with specific discharge activities
.
Keywords: stress, depression, lateral stiff nucleus, cluster discharge Diet increases
.
The Edinger-Westphal nucleus (EA) is located in the oculomotor accessory nucleus of the midbrain, which is widely projected to the spinal cord, cerebellum, and brainstem and other brain regions, and expresses urocortin 1 (UCN1), cholecystokinin (CCK), cocaine amphetamine-regulated transcription peptides (CART) positive neurons
.
On February 3, 2022, the research team of Nicolas Renier of the Brain Institute of the Sorbonne University in Paris revealed the key neuron group that regulates the adaptive behavior (nesting behavior) of pregnant mice: the CART-positive neuron group in the EA area, which inhibits this type of neuron group After inhibiting nesting behavior, activate the neuron to promote nesting behavior
.
Keywords: EA nucleus, neuropeptide-ergic neurons, nesting behavior, pregnancy 08NEWSNeuron: Neuropeptides regulate spleen immune response Sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system play an important role in regulating immune function
.
The spleen, the largest immune organ, receives innervation directly from sympathetic fibers and indirectly from the parasympathovagal nerve, which have synaptic connections with sympathetic neurons in the celiac ganglion (CG)
.
On February 7, 2022, the research team of Cao Gang from the School of Biomedicine and Health of Huazhong Agricultural University revealed in the journal Neuron that neuropeptide Y (NPY) precisely regulates the inflammatory response of the spleen, acting as an "interactive language" between the immune system and the central nervous system
.
Keywords: neuropeptide Y, spleen, immune response 09NEWSNN: Multiple sclerosis Multiple sclerosis syndrome A neurodegenerative disease characterized by demyelination
.
After demyelination, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) can generate new oligodendrocytes and regenerate axons, thus promoting oligodendrocyte regeneration as a potential target for the treatment of multiple sclerosis
.
14 February 2022 David A.
Lyons, University of Edinburgh finds that existing oligodendrocytes in the progression of multiple sclerosis produce little new myelin and often mistarget new myelin to neuronal cell bodies, but Newly formed oligodendrocytes produce more new myelin
.
Key words: multiple sclerosis, oligodendrocytes 010NEWSCell Metabolism: the neural circuit of drinking KLB encodes the protein β-klotho, which is the main part of the endocrine fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) receptor complex
.
Produced by the liver, FGF21 can pass the blood-brain barrier and play a key role in regulating energy metabolism
.
Animal experiments have shown that alcohol use can increase the expression level of FGF21 in the peripheral system, while exogenous increase of FGF21 can reduce alcohol consumption
.
On February 1, 2022, the research team of Matthew J.
Potthoff of the University of Iowa revealed that the increase of FGF21 caused by alcohol use is mainly produced by the liver, and FGF21 can specifically act on the projection of KLB-positive neurons in the BLA brain region to the nucleus accumbens.
neural circuits
.
Keywords: alcohol, fibroblast growth factor, amygdala, nucleus accumbens Acid transporters take up glutamate
.
The glutamate-glutamine theory that astrocytes take up glutamate from the synaptic cleft and convert it to glutamine, which is then re-transported to neurons for conversion to glutamate, is controversial
.
7 February 2022 Nathalie Rouach of the University of Arts and Sciences in Paris has developed a rhodamine-labeled glutamine probe - RhGln, and found that astrocytes near synapses during physiological processes transport glutamine to synapses after ingesting glutamine.
In the pretouch structure, this transport process is dependent on the astrocyte connexin Cx43 providing direct evidence for the supply of glutamine to astrocytes
.
Keywords: synaptic activity, astrocytes ,
glutamine In mammals, the emotional response to social isolation is stronger in females than in males .
8 February 2022 University of Edinburgh Kumi O.
Kuroda reveals amylin-calcitonin receptor signaling in the medial preoptic area mediates social behavior in adult female mice: reduced amylin expression in this brain region after social isolation , social interaction can promote amylin expression.
Keywords: social isolation, female, medial preoptic area
