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Click on the blue word to pay attention to our body by controlling blood flow and cardiac output to regulate blood pressure to maintain a steady state
.
This homeostasis mechanism is mainly realized through the local mechanisms inherent in blood vessels: the signal transduction of endothelial cells, the neural mechanism that coordinates vascular resistance and regulates cardiac output
.
Most blood vessels are surrounded by dense nerve plexus, which is composed of postganglionic sympathetic nerve efferent axons and sensory neuron axons from spinal ganglia
.
These nerves have the opposite effect on vascular resistance: the activation of sympathetic neurons causes vasoconstriction, while the activity of sensory nerves causes vasodilation
.
Peptide sensory neurons are a type of perivascular sensory neurons, originating from the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), expressing substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and ion channel TRPV1
.
On June 1, 2021, Paul A.
Heppenstall, the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Rome, Italy, discovered a class of non-peptide sensory neurons with cell bodies located in spinal ganglia-sensory neurons expressing TrkC, revealed from anatomy and function The characteristics of this type of neuron are described
.
Researchers used tropomyosin receptor kinase C (TrkC)-cre tool mice and found that 31% of neurons in the DRG region express TrkC, and all TrkC-positive neurons respond to mechanical stimulation
.
Anatomically, about one-third of TrkC-positive neurons are co-labeled with Pvalb-expressing proprioceptor markers, accounting for about 9.
6% of the total number of neurons in the DRG region; 38% of TrkC-positive neurons It is co-labeled with Ret neurons expressing mechanoreceptor markers, accounting for about 11.
6% of the total number of neurons in the DRG region
.
46% of TrkC-positive neurons innervating blood vessels were co-labeled with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons
.
In addition, a small number of TrkC-positive neurons are co-labeled with nociceptors (IB4), peptidergic nociceptors (CGRP) and C-fiber low-threshold mechanoreceptor neurons
.
TrkC-positive neurons are distributed throughout the body and are close to arteries and small arteries
.
Researchers found that after knocking out TrkC-positive neurons in adulthood, all mice died within 48 hours.
After 16 hours of knocking out, local blood flow in the skin decreased, blood pressure decreased significantly, and heart rate was unstable, indicating that TrkC-positive sensory neurons may have Regulate the function of the cardiovascular system
.
The light-activated TrkC-positive sensory neuron vascular surface stimulation gradually decreases.
After the TrkC-positive sensory neuron is activated by chemical genetics technology, the observed blood vessel surface area is significantly reduced, so that the blood vessel can not be observed in the later period, and the blood perfusion is also significantly reduced
.
In addition, mice become sensitive to the slightest punctate stimuli
.
Within 10 minutes of activating such neurons, the blood pressure and heartbeat of the mice increased significantly
.
However, even activating TrkC-positive sensory neurons after injection of the β-adrenergic receptor blocker propranolol did not cause increased blood pressure and increased heartbeat
.
This indicates that TrkC positive neurons regulate cardiovascular function through sympathetic nerve output signals
.
In general, this article uses a variety of tools to find that a type of TrkC+ sensory neurons that exist in spinal cord neurons project to the distal artery
.
After chronically activating this type of neuron, it can quickly increase blood pressure
.
This type of neuron is different from peptidergic neurons.
TrkC+ neurons do not express CGRP, are not activated by capsaicin, and have no obvious axonal reflex efferent function
.
[References] 1.
https://doi.
org/10.
1016/j.
celrep.
2021.
109191, the pictures in the text are all from the references
.
This homeostasis mechanism is mainly realized through the local mechanisms inherent in blood vessels: the signal transduction of endothelial cells, the neural mechanism that coordinates vascular resistance and regulates cardiac output
.
Most blood vessels are surrounded by dense nerve plexus, which is composed of postganglionic sympathetic nerve efferent axons and sensory neuron axons from spinal ganglia
.
These nerves have the opposite effect on vascular resistance: the activation of sympathetic neurons causes vasoconstriction, while the activity of sensory nerves causes vasodilation
.
Peptide sensory neurons are a type of perivascular sensory neurons, originating from the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), expressing substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and ion channel TRPV1
.
On June 1, 2021, Paul A.
Heppenstall, the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Rome, Italy, discovered a class of non-peptide sensory neurons with cell bodies located in spinal ganglia-sensory neurons expressing TrkC, revealed from anatomy and function The characteristics of this type of neuron are described
.
Researchers used tropomyosin receptor kinase C (TrkC)-cre tool mice and found that 31% of neurons in the DRG region express TrkC, and all TrkC-positive neurons respond to mechanical stimulation
.
Anatomically, about one-third of TrkC-positive neurons are co-labeled with Pvalb-expressing proprioceptor markers, accounting for about 9.
6% of the total number of neurons in the DRG region; 38% of TrkC-positive neurons It is co-labeled with Ret neurons expressing mechanoreceptor markers, accounting for about 11.
6% of the total number of neurons in the DRG region
.
46% of TrkC-positive neurons innervating blood vessels were co-labeled with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons
.
In addition, a small number of TrkC-positive neurons are co-labeled with nociceptors (IB4), peptidergic nociceptors (CGRP) and C-fiber low-threshold mechanoreceptor neurons
.
TrkC-positive neurons are distributed throughout the body and are close to arteries and small arteries
.
Researchers found that after knocking out TrkC-positive neurons in adulthood, all mice died within 48 hours.
After 16 hours of knocking out, local blood flow in the skin decreased, blood pressure decreased significantly, and heart rate was unstable, indicating that TrkC-positive sensory neurons may have Regulate the function of the cardiovascular system
.
The light-activated TrkC-positive sensory neuron vascular surface stimulation gradually decreases.
After the TrkC-positive sensory neuron is activated by chemical genetics technology, the observed blood vessel surface area is significantly reduced, so that the blood vessel can not be observed in the later period, and the blood perfusion is also significantly reduced
.
In addition, mice become sensitive to the slightest punctate stimuli
.
Within 10 minutes of activating such neurons, the blood pressure and heartbeat of the mice increased significantly
.
However, even activating TrkC-positive sensory neurons after injection of the β-adrenergic receptor blocker propranolol did not cause increased blood pressure and increased heartbeat
.
This indicates that TrkC positive neurons regulate cardiovascular function through sympathetic nerve output signals
.
In general, this article uses a variety of tools to find that a type of TrkC+ sensory neurons that exist in spinal cord neurons project to the distal artery
.
After chronically activating this type of neuron, it can quickly increase blood pressure
.
This type of neuron is different from peptidergic neurons.
TrkC+ neurons do not express CGRP, are not activated by capsaicin, and have no obvious axonal reflex efferent function
.
[References] 1.
https://doi.
org/10.
1016/j.
celrep.
2021.
109191, the pictures in the text are all from the references
