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It is well known that in human embryos, the initiation of transcription (embryonic genome activation) occurs at the eight-cell stage
.
However, the exact time of the start of this process is still unclear
Dr.
Giles Yeo, the lead researcher at the University of Cambridge, said on Twitter that the textbook says that everything needed for the fusion of the egg and the sperm is already in the egg, and new transcription (generating mRNA and more) does not appear until the 4-8 cell stage.
Protein)
.
"We proved this to be fundamentally wrong," he added, "changing our view of the origin of our own development
This research was published in the journal " Cell Stem Cell ", entitled " Human embryonic genome activation initiates at the one-cell stage "
.
Using scRNA-seq, the researchers analyzed a single human egg and a cell embryo, and found that the previously unobtainable change in gene expression from oocyte to embryo may be so small that it could not be detected with previous techniques
.
Dr.
Tony Perry, a professor in the Department of Biochemistry and Biochemistry at the University of Bath, said: "This is the first clear observation of the beginning of a biological process that all of us have experienced-the transition from one cell embryonic stage to another
.
There is no genome.
The research team found that many genes that are activated in single-cell embryos remain active until the 4-8 cell stage, when they are turned off
.
They wrote that they confirmed "depletion (degradation of maternal RNA) after fertilization
Perry said: "There seems to be a kind of gene transfer work in early embryos: the first transfer starts shortly after fertilization, and in single-cell embryos, the second transfer takes over at the eight-cell stage
.
"
At the moment of human fertilization, the genomes of sperm and eggs—the collection of all their genes—are inactive: sperm and eggs depend on the transcripts they produce when they are formed in order to obtain instructions to regulate their properties
.
Understanding the process of genomic awakening is important: it is a key part of the development puzzle, which promises a better understanding of disease, heredity and infertility
.
Scientists have discovered that some activated genes may play a role in early embryos, but the role of other genes is unclear.
The findings of the research team also revealed how these genes are activated
.
"Although the activation trigger is thought to come from the egg, it is not clear how it came; now that we know which genes are involved in this, we can locate their addresses and use molecular techniques to find out
Candidate genes that may trigger gene activation include cancer-related gene regulators, such as some well-known oncogenes
.
This led researchers to speculate that their role is to awaken genes in single-cell embryos
"If this is true, we should be able to see this altered gene activation signature at the single-cell stage," Yeo said
.
The team also observed undeveloped, unhealthy single-cell embryos and found that many of their genes could not be activated
.
Abnormal embryos have been used to evaluate methods of human genetic genome editing, but new findings indicate that they may not be suitable as a reliable test system
.
