Cell Rep Med interpretation! New vaccine strategies may use T-cells to provide the body with protection against influenza virus infection.

!-- webeditor: page title-- September 27, 2020 // -- A recent publication in the international magazine Cell Reports Medicine entitled "MedicineProgramming Multifaceted Pul" In a study by Group Adjuvants, scientists from the University of Wisconsin-Madison and others developed a new vaccine strategy that uses T-cells to provide the body with immune protection against influenza.
when U.S. scientists began working on the annual flu vaccine, the researchers began developing an alternative vaccine strategy that could help people fight seasonal flu infections. in the
article, researchers described a T-cell-based vaccine strategy that could effectively protect against multiple influenza viruses, an experimental vaccine injected through the nasal cavity that provides a long-lasting, all-round protective effect on the lungs of mice by gathering T-cells; A potential strategy for developing a universal influenza vaccine, the results of which may help to understand how to induce and maintain T-cell immunity in the body's respiratory tract, could be used to study other respiratory pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19.
Photo Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention currently do not have a human vaccine on the market that can enter the respiratory mucous membranes and stimulate T-cell immunity, a new vaccine strategy that addresses the Achilles heel of current influenza vaccine development by harnessing T-cell immunity against multiple strains to achieve annual flu pandemics The virus's specific antibody response; in particular, this new method uses T cells (TRM cells) that reside in tissues (trachea and lung corted cells) to fight foreign invasion pathogens, just like elite soldiers, TRM cells can act as front-line soldiers against infection.
researchers say that previously we didn't know how to use a safe protein vaccine to induce tissue-resident memory cells, but now we have a new strategy that stimulates these cells in the lungs to protect the body from flu viruses.
once the cells are infected, the memory cells kill the infected cells, effectively blocking the infection before it progresses further. the
flu vaccine works by enhancing the body's immune system to identify and defend against influenza viruses, introducing special proteins on the surface of influenza viruses, promoting the immune system to produce antibodies and responding in a timely manner when the virus attacks the body;
researcher Suresh points out that although the current vaccine stimulates the body to produce antibody reactions, these antibodies do not cross-protect, if a new strain of influenza virus did not appear in the vaccine of the year, the body produced antibodies last year may not be able to provide protection, this time there will be a pandemic, because there is a new strain of virus, and the body does not effectively resist the strain of antibodies.
vaccine developed by
researchers could target an internal protein in influenza viruses, the nucleoprotein, which is conservative between different strains of influenza virus, meaning that its genetic sequence is similar between different strains of influenza virus.
The new vaccine can also enhance the body's immune response with a special combination of admonitions that stimulate protective T cells in the lungs to form different subtypes, i.e. memory-assisted T-cells and killer T-cells under laboratory flu vaccine conditions, so that the new vaccine can use a variety of immune models to function.
Killer T-cells can hunt down and kill cells infected by influenza viruses, while auxiliary T-cells can help killer T-cells function and produce special molecules to promote the body's control of influenza viruses, and in laboratory studies, researchers have found that both T-cells protect the body from influenza.
By studying mouse models, the researchers found that the new vaccine provided mice with lasting immunity (at least 400 days after vaccination) and was resistant to a variety of influenza viruses, and that the next step would be to test the vaccine in ferrets and non-human primates, two animal models that study influenza that are biologically similar to human infection and transmission patterns.
How the vaccine's adversants can adapt it to more pathogens may have expanded the toolbox for vaccine research, which researchers have designed to program immunity to a variety of respiratory viruses, while researchers are testing the same vaccine strategies against tuberculosis and human respiratory syncytial viruses.
researchers believe that the same vaccine technology could also be used to fight SARS-CoV-2, based on coVID-19 immunological information, and now researchers know that the new vaccine strategy may also have some therapeutic effect.
Researchers are currently developing an experimental vaccine strategy for COVID-19, and they have conducted laboratory tests to determine its effectiveness in mice and hamster bodies, and studies in mice have shown that the new vaccine strategy stimulates the lungs to develop strong T-cell immunity against COVID-19.
In this paper, researchers developed a protein vaccine (not a live vaccine) that can be safely used in people who are pregnant or have low immunity, and Suresh said vaccine research has shifted in recent years from live vaccines to protein vaccine research, as more and more people develop impaired immune systems from diseases such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy or HIV infection.
Previously, researchers didn't know how to induce T-cell immunity in the lungs without live viruses; now they can induce T-cell immunity and produce long-duration protection in the lungs by cleverly using the combined admonishments developed.
() !--/ewebeditor:page--!--ewebeditor:page-title"--reference: "1" New vaccine strategy harnesses 'foot soldier' T-cells to provide protection against influenza Meghan Lepisto, University of Wisconsin-Madison 2 Chandranaik B. Marinaik, Brock Kingstad-Bakke, Woojong Lee, et al. Programming Multifaceted Pulmonary T Cell Immunity by Group Adjuvants, Cell Reports Medicine (2020). DOI:10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100095/!--/ewebeditor:page--.