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Obesity and metabolic diseases (such as diabetes) are extremely common in the United States, and tiny proteins called microproteins have long been often overlooked by scientists, but the latest research evidence suggests that they may play an important role in the body's metabolic processes, and a paper published in the international journal Cell Metabolism titled "Profiling mouse brown and white adipocytes to identify.
" metabolically relevant small ORFs and functional microproteins", scientists from the Salk Institute and other institutions found that brown fat and white fat are full of thousands of previously unknown microproteins, and one of them, Gm8773, also increases the appetite of mice
.
This research is expected to help develop novel treatments to help increase weight in people in specific disease states, such as during cancer chemotherapy, and by establishing the presence of these microproteins, researchers also provide the scientific community with a valuable resource to help them study microproteins
。 Researcher Professor Alan Saghatelian said it is important to better understand the processes that regulate obesity and metabolic health, which may help develop improved therapies in the future.
Having a list of microproteins can also help scientists in metabolic research identify players who play an important role in a variety of metabolic diseases
.
And researchers have demonstrated a bioactive microprotein that promotes eating, as well as other microproteins
involved in the body's lipid metabolism.
Fatty tissue secretes a variety of different proteins to regulate the body's eating, energy balance and caloric production, and white adipose tissue called "bad fat" is usually located under the skin and abdominal area, which acts as an energy reservoir and is associated with other diseases caused by obesity and overweight; In contrast, brown fat, called "good" fat, is located around the shoulders and around the spinal cord and is primarily related to
proper nutrition, exercise and health in the body.
Microproteins may increase the body's appetite
.
Image source: Cell Metabolism (2023).
DOI:10.
1016/j.
cmet.
2022.
12.
004
In this study, the researchers used innovative genomic technology to analyze brown fat, white fat and beige fat (another type of adipose tissue with characteristics similar to white fat and brown fat) in mouse cells, and found that 3877 genes can produce microproteins in white fat and brown adipose tissue, in addition, they also analyzed the levels of these genes in mice fed a high-fat Western diet, and linked hundreds of microproteins to changes in the metabolic process of adipose tissue, in general.
For the first time, the results of the analysis highlight a variety of microproteins
that may be metabolically relevant.
Researcher Thomas Martinez said: "We provide a roadmap to help best use the resulting research data to link and ultimately analyze the role of
microproteins in basic metabolic pathways.
In addition, the researchers focused on a microprotein called GM8773, which is located in the feeding center of the brain, the hypothalamus location; The location of this miniature protein in the brain suggests that it may play an important role in appetite, and indeed, when scientists gave obese mice Gm8773, the mice tended to consume more food; There is also a human gene called FAM237B, similar to Gm8773, which also plays a similar role in the human body, that is, promoting the body to eat, according to the researchers, this microprotein may eventually be used to help promote weight gain in individuals who experience extreme weight loss
.
Researcher Chris Barnes said that the new microproteins proposed in our study may be a very exciting discovery for metabolic research and adipobiology research; We hope that this resource will be used to generate a large number of novel experimental hypotheses for the scientific community to test in the laboratory, and that this work will hopefully help researchers identify many novel mechanisms
in biology.
In the future, the scientists plan to develop new tools to investigate the role of Gm8773 and FAM237B, with the goal of eventually developing a therapy
that can increase the body's appetite.
In summary, the results of this study highlight the role and potential value
of adipocyte microprotein databases in identifying microproteins in basic metabolism and physiological processes such as eating.
(Biovalley Bioon.
com)
Original source:
Thomas F.
Martinez,Sally Lyons-Abbott,Angie L.
Bookout,et al.
Profiling mouse brown and white adipocytes to identify metabolically relevant small ORFs and functional microproteins, Cell Metabolism (2023).
DOI: 10.
1016/j.
cmet.
2022.
12.
004