Cell: First detailed analysis of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 bodes well for COVID-19 vaccine development

2020 May 17 News /BioValleyBIOON / --- Scientists around the world are scrambling to develop a vaccine COVID 19-preventing infections but before such a vaccine will be available, epidemiologists are also trying to predict how the novel coronavirus pandemic will developHowever, both efforts are faced with unresolved uncertainty, that the immune system is able to generate a substantial response and persistence of SARS-CoV-2, and exposure to cause the common cold coronavirus spread in humans (hereinafter referred to as cold coronavirus) whether it can provide any kind of protective immune responseIn a new study, DrAlessandroSette United States La Jolla Institute for Immunology and his team and ShaneCrotty, MD, and a team began to fill the huge gaps in knowledge, provide for the vaccine developer The good news, for the first time providecell immunologydata to help guide the social distance is recommendedResearch results in 2020, published online May 14 in the journal Cell, the paper titled "TargetsofTcellresponsestoSARS-CoV-2coronavirusinhumanswithCOVID-19diseaseandunexposedindividuals"images from Cell, 2020, doi: 10.1016 / j.cell.2020.05.015The new study documented a group of 20 came from the rehabilitation COVID-19 adults SARS-CoV-2 showing strong antiviral immune responseThese findings suggest that the body's immune system can recognize SARS-CoV-2 in a variety of ways, eliminating fears the virus could escape is developing an effective vaccineSette said, "If we only observed a weaker immune response, we'll worry about itBut we observe a very robust against spike protein (S protein) as well as other viral proteins T-cell response , where S is the most protein being developed COVID-19 vaccine targetsthese findings for vaccine development is indeed good news"
Crotty said," all the best candidate vaccine forecasting and fine-tuning efforts pandemic control measures depends on understanding the immune response against the viruspeople really worried COVID-19 does not induce an immune response, and report on people suffering from infection again reinforces these concerns, but now understand the general population to produce a strong immune reaction should allow these concerns to a large extent eased"
in a study earlier in the, Sette and his team had usedbioinformaticstools to predict which fragments of the SARS-CoV-2 can activate human T cells (CellHost & Microbe, 2020, doi: 10.1016 / j.chom.2020.03.002)Now, in this new study, Sette team tested whether the isolated without a major problem COVID-19 recovered from adults who come in T cells can recognize the protein fragments from the virus itself, they predicted , also known as peptidesThey will bring together these peptides into two large groups: the first group of so-called giant pool of peptides including the viral genome of all peptides other proteins in addition to the S protein of SARS-CoV-2: The second set of peptide giant pool of particular concern S surface protein of the virus, because almost all vaccines are being developed in such a coronavirus S protein targetsSette said, "We specifically chose those who have studied the normal course of the disease and do not require hospitalization, in order to provide a solid benchmark to measure the normal immune response is what it looks like, because it viruses can do some very unusual things in some humans"
the researchers found that all COVID-19 patients had stable CD4T cells (ie, helper T cells) response, this helps to produce antibodiesAlmost all patients have had a virus-specific CD8T cells (ie killer T cells), they can clear the cells are infected with the virusCrotty said, "Our data show that the virus induced a typical, successful antiviral response you would expect." Although these results do not exclude SARS-CoV-2 immune response may be harmful, but they provide an important baseline, can be compared with the immune response in an individual; or, as Sette likes to say, "If you can take photos of something, you can discuss whether you like it is, but if there is no picture, nothing good discussion "
Sette added," we have a solid starting point, we are now in to ask is, those who have serious consequences, need hospitalization compared to those people who will be able to recover at home, even asymptomatic, are there on the type of immune response difference not only that, we now have an important tool to determine received the experimental vaccine in people whether the immune response is similar to COVID-19 protective immune response, rather than inadequate or harmful reaction you expect to observe for "
the researchers also observed in the SARS-CoV- before the start of the circulation 2 Blood samples were collected T cell response during 2015-2018 in Many of these people have significant T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2, even though they never had contact with SARS-CoV-2 However, it is almost certain that everyone had contact with at least four common cold coronavirus (ie HCoV-OC43, HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-HKU1) of three types, which may explain this observation to cross-reactivity However, it is unclear whether this observed cross-reactivity to provide at least some degree of pre-existing immunity against SARS-CoV-2, and thus may explain why certain people or certain geographical areas subject to COVID-19 hit more Crotty said, "Given the seriousness COVID-19 pandemic ongoing degree of cross-reactivity of any immune response against coronavirus may have a very large impact on the overall process pandemic, this is also the epidemiologists in trying to determine a key details COVID-19 at the severity of the coming months on the community to consider "
(bio Valley Bioon.com)


reference: 1.AlbaGrifonietal TargetsofTcellresponsestoSARS-CoV-2coronavirusinhumanswithCOVID-19diseaseandunexposedindividuals .Cell, 2020, doi: 10.1016 / j.cell.2020.05 015 2.Firstdetailedanalysisofimmuneresponsetosars-cov-2bodeswellforcovid-19vaccinedevelopment https:// -sars-cov-2-bodes-well-for-covid-19-vaccine-development /