Cell: A group of special cells promotes cancer cell metastasis and evades the immune system!

, June 27, 2020 /PRNewswire-BIOON -- Researchers at Stanford University have found that special cells at the forefront of skin cancer growth inhibit the immune response and promote cancer invasionTargeting these cells may lead to effective treatmentResearchers at Stanford University School of Medicine,, found that a group of smart cancer cells gathered at the forefront of growing skintumor, leading to their metastasis and helping them evade the body's immune systemthey divide and spread not only through communication with other cancer cells, but also by communicating with normal cells around them (recruiting special cells that inhibit the immune response and other cells that promote cancer cell invasion)"These cells coordinate the entire cancer process," said Paul Khavari, M.D., a professor and chair of dermatology and professor at the School of Medicine, Carl JHerzog"They are highly mobile and highly invasive, gathering at the edge oftumorand leading cells into surrounding tissueBut until now, we didn't even know they existed"
picture source: Cellblocking the communication abilities of these cancer planners, significantly slowing the growth of human tumors cells transplanted into laboratory mice, suggesting that similar targeted therapies could one day succeed in human cancer a paper describing the study was published online June 23 in the journal Cell Khavari is a senior author of the study common skin cancer in the study, researchers focused on a common type of skin cancer called squamous cell carcinoma, which is found in more than 1 million people in the United States each year Although most people can be successfully treated, about 1% will eventually die of the disease Squamous cell carcinoma is a type of cancer called epithelial cancer, which includes about 90 percent of human cancer types To learn more about the growth and metastasis of epithelial tumors, Khavari and his colleagues combined several techniques to analyze tumor tissue structure, cell type, and single-cell gene expression in 10 squamous cell carcinoma patients In fact, the researchers not only obtained molecular fingerprints of individual cells, but also pinpointed the spatial location of cancer cells and their adjacent cells in the of growing tumors "It tells all our cells -- who is where, what they're doing, who they're talking to," Khavari said "No one has looked at the location of individual cells and how they are arranged in space." then compared the results to the normal skin of cancer patients This study is the first to be performed at the single-cell level in such a comprehensive and comprehensive analysis that it gives us an unprecedented understanding of cell interactions inside and outside tumors researchers found that there is a major difference between cancerous tissue and normal skin cell types: in addition to normal cell types, they also have a cluster of cells called tumor-specific keratify cells (TSKs) by Khavari and his colleagues Interestingly, these TSKs were found to be at the forefront of growing tumor , expressing genes that recruit specific cell types to cancer sites some of the cells recruited are regulated T-cells (treg), which inhibit the body's natural immune response to prevent over-reactions that lead to autoimmune disorders Others are cells called cancer-related fibroblasts, which destroy tumors surrounding the extracellular matrix and promote metastasis Others are endothelial cells arranged inside blood vessels and lymphatic tubes "paved the way for the invasion" "These TSKs play a leading role in a special ecological environment that the edge of the tumor," Khavari said There, they can communicate not only with other cancer cells, but also with cells in the surrounding environment, paving the way for cancer cells to invade surrounding tissue When we block the ability of these cells to communicate, we stop the growth of human squamous cell carcinoma transplanted into mice photo source: Cell researchers are currently investigating whether their findings have gone beyond squamous cell carcinoma and can be extended to other tumor types these tumors specific cells are characteristic of most or all epithelial cancers? Khavari said "We're not sure, but we can see that people whose cancer expresses high levels of genes associated with these cells have a poor prognosis." researchers are also interested in using what they have learned in their research to create new targeted therapies "Cancer really reshapes the immune system and shuts it down," Khavari said Our study shows that TSKs absorb Treg, which forms a barrier between the tumor and surrounding tissue, and creates an immune suppression environment It is becoming increasingly clear that successful cancer therapies not only attack tumors cells, but also find ways to activate the immune system to stop it from being resistant to cancer " (biovalleybioon.com) reference: Skin Cancer growth driven by the of the cellular masterminds
Multimodal Analysis of The Siko and Spatial Architecture in Human Squamous Cell Carcinoma CELL 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.039
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