Castor

D.A. castor is a one-year or perennium herb. Castor oil is an important industrial oil.

History and
of castor is native to eastern Africa, then through Asia into the Americas, and then to Europe. Chinese castor was incoming from India, and there is no specific test as to when it will start planting. Castor has long been planted sporadicly, harvesting castor seeds for medicine, oil extraction and handicrafts. After entering the 20th century, due to the need for a large number of high-grade lubricants in modern industry, castor production developed rapidly.

china from Hainan to Heilongjiang, 49 degrees north latitude south of the region are distributed. North China, Northeast production is the most, Northwest and East China, other places are mostly sporadic cultivation. There is semi-wild perennational castor in the tropics.

Form and characteristics
cultivation of oil and oil, medicinal use of two types. Root system developed, into the soil depth of 2 to 4 meters, side root flat extension of about 2 meters. Stems are soft and tough, hollow, and branched. The number of branches of a single plant is related to the variety and cultivation density. Perennian castor stems are stout, leafy, up to 5 meters high, with a stem circumference of 15 to 20 cm. Stems, leaf green, or fuchsia. The plant is white wax powder, smooth and hairless. Leaf palms, some in the shape of chicken claws. Flower mono sex, the total conical flower sequence, the upper part of the spike shaft with raw female flowers, flower column red, the lower part for male flowers. Occasionally, there are mixed arrangements of flowers of both sexes or plants with only single female flowers.fruit has thorns, rare thorns, 3 rooms, 1 seed per room (Figure 2 castor flower sequence). The shell is smooth, hard and crisp, red to black-brown, with light patterns. Seeds contain about 50% oil. The maximum temperature for growth is 20 to 28 degrees Celsius. The seeding to maturity requires a temperature of 2000 to 3500 degrees C. Growth is stunted when the average temperature is below 20 degrees Celsius, and both yield and oil content are affected.

Cultivated
castor is a deep-rooted crop. Large areas of cultivated areas in northern China are mostly cultivated and weathered before winter to increase the performance of water storage and fertilizer preservation. The south uses gaps to sow seeds. Hi temperature, but the seeds do not need a high temperature to germinate. The shell is hard, absorbs water slowly, spring sowing should be early, when the temperature is stable at 10 degrees C can be sown. It is also available for seedling transfer. Seedlings can withstand low temperatures of around zero degrees. Early castor production in the north can prolong fertility and increase yields. Perennian castor can also be planted in the root, cut to the ground before winter, covered with soil or farm fertilizer, can also be used straw or film antifreeze to keep warm. The plant is suitable for a range of 65 to 100 cm. Remove the top buds of the main stem when 1 to 6 real leaves are removed to promote the growth and development of side branches. When mostfruit is dark brown or tawny and begins to crack, it can also be harvested in small parts. Perennity castor can be harvested continuously for about 10 years. The main diseases are withering disease, leaf withering disease and bacterial speckle disease. The main pests are tigers, cotton bellworms, hedgehogs and castor nightings.

Use
castor oil can be made
so surfactants
, fatty glycolic oil, fatty glycol, dry oil, nicotic acid, polymerization
stabilizer
and
plasticizer
, foam and elastic rubber. Castor oil viscosity is large, high proportion (0.958 to 0.968), at -18 degrees C low temperature does not solidify, at 500 to 600 degrees C high temperature unchanged quality, not burning, is an important raw material for advanced lubricants. It can also be used as a potion with a refreverage effect. Castor cake contains about 7.5% nitrogen, 2.6% phosphate and 7.0% potassium carbonate, which is a good
organic
fertilizer. Castor contains the toxic protein castorin and alkaloid castor glycoside, both of which remain in the pie meal, so the cake meal must be treated at high temperature to destroy the toxin before it can be used as feed. Stems and skins are rich in fiber and are raw materials for papermaking and artificial cotton.