Buds (spore)

Under certain conditions, the genus Bacillus anthrax and the genus Bacillus Difficile (e.g., tetribacteria, gas gangrene pathogens) can form a highly refrouted, hard-to-color small body in the bacteria, called endospore, short for bud cells. Bud cells are generally only formed outside the animal and are affected by the environment, and are prone to formation when nutritional deficiencies, especially carbon, nitrogen or phosphate deficiencies. Different bacteria need different conditions to form buds, such as Bacillus anthrax, which must be formed under aerobic conditions. Mature bud cells can be activated by many normal metabolites such as alanine, adenosine, glucose, lactic acid and other germination, first bud cytosine activation, cortical layer and shell rapidly disintegration, moisture into, under suitable nutritional and temperature conditions, the core of the buds grow outward into a reproductive body, began to develop and divide reproduction. The buds are not bacterial breeds, but sleep hibernates with relatively static metabolisms to sustain the bacteria's survival.
cells contain less water (about 40%),
protein
not easily denatured by heat. The buds have many layers of thick and dense cell membranes, from the inside out are the core, the inner membrane, the bud wall, the cortical, the outer membrane, the bud shell and the bud coat (Figure 2-10). In particular, the shell, no permeability, has a protective effect, can prevent the infiltration of chemicals. When buds are formed, they can synthesize special enzymes that are more heat resistant than those in the reproduction. The core and cortical layer of the bud cells contain a large amount of dipicolinic acid (dipicolinic acid, dpa), accounting for 5 to 15% of the stem weight of the bud cells, is unique to the buds, in the bacterial reproduction and other biological cells are not. dpa can make the enzymes of buds highly stable in a way that is not yet known. dpa is quickly synthesized during the formation of buds, and heat resistance is also obtained. The buds are round or oval, their diameter and position in the bacteria body vary with
strains
, for example, the buds of Bacillus anthrax are round eggs, smaller than the bacteria, located in the center of the bacteria; This morphological characteristic helps bacteria identify (Figures 2-11). Bud cells are widely distributed in nature, so they should be strictly prevented from contaminating wounds, utensils, dressings, surgical instruments, etc. The resistance of bud cells is strong, and the physical and chemical factors such as heat,
drying
, radiation and chemical disinfectants are strong resistance, which is not easy to kill by ordinary methods. Some buds can withstand boiling water at 100 degrees C for several hours. The most reliable way to kill germ cells is to sterilise them by steam pressure. When disinfecting and sterilizing, it is often used to determine whether the buds are killed as an indicator of the sterilization effect.