Breakthrough in plant nutrition and stress resistance physiology and drought resistance foliar fertilizer research

Zhang Lixin, Ph.D., School of life, northwest agricultural and Forestry University of science and technology, presided over the project of "mechanism research on improving drought resistance of Maize by nitrogen, potassium and betaine and development and demonstration of drought resistant foliar fertilizer", which recently passed the achievement appraisal organized by the Ministry of education in Yangling Experts agreed that the research reached the international advanced level It is reported that the regulation of nitrogen, potassium and betaine is one of the effective ways to improve the drought resistance of crops, and its effect and mechanism are paid attention by plant physiological ecology and nutrition researchers But at present, there is no in-depth study on the mechanism of drought resistance of Maize in terms of nitrogen, potassium, betaine, especially nitrogen forms Corn, the main crop in the north of China, is sensitive to drought stress 2 / 3 of the 20 million hectares of corn in China is dry corn, which often causes serious yield loss due to drought A large number of practices at home and abroad have proved that the reasonable application of N, K and betaine is one of the most economical and effective measures to improve the drought resistance of crops Therefore, the effect and mechanism of N, K, betaine on enhancing drought resistance of maize were revealed from the aspects of biological characteristics and physiological response, especially from the nitrogen form regulation of betaine accumulation and its effect under drought stress, the metabolic regulation mechanism of betaine and the upstream signal transmission pathway of betaine accumulation were revealed, and based on the development and demonstration of drought resistance effect of N, K, betaine Drought resistant foliar fertilizer has theoretical and practical significance for guiding the breeding of drought resistant varieties and efficient utilization of nitrogen Under the leadership of Zhang Lixin, a scientific research team composed of researchers from the research center of soil and water conservation and ecological environment of the Ministry of education of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yangling Lvdu Biotechnology Co., Ltd from 2002 to 2010, it took eight years to jointly tackle key problems, and finally made four breakthroughs in the research fields of plant nutrition, stress resistance and drought resistance foliar fertilizer: first, it systematically studied nitrogen and potassium Nutrition and the drought resistance function of betaine revealed the unique physiological mechanism of drought resistance of betaine It was found that there was no superposition effect between the drought resistance function of betaine and the drought resistance of varieties It was the first to study the drought resistance effect of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen on maize, which proved that nitrate nitrogen was superior to ammonium nitrogen, and the effect of nitrate nitrogen on drought sensitive varieties was outstanding The other is to study the relationship between betaine accumulation and betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (bdah) activity, choline content and no accumulation, reveal the effect of different nitrogen forms on betaine accumulation, and explore the signal transmission pathway of betaine accumulation Thirdly, the differences of physiological and ecological parameters between two summer maize varieties with different drought resistance were studied It was suggested that pH, EC, ORP and ABA contents of stem fluid could also be used as drought resistance indexes Fourth, six types of drought resistant foliar fertilizer were researched and developed, and the pilot test and field demonstration were carried out The pilot test was 240 tons, the sales revenue was 4.8 million yuan, and the annual production capacity of the enterprise reached 5000 tons The project published 22 academic papers, 13 of which were included in SCI, which provided an important theoretical basis for the study of drought resistance mechanism of maize This achievement enriches the theory of stress regulation, and has theoretical and practical significance for guiding the selection of drought resistant varieties, efficient use of nitrogen, and effective mitigation of the damage of drought to crops The extension of this technology can improve the drought resistance ability of crops in China, prevent and slow down the damage of drought to crops as soon as possible by economic and effective means, grasp the initiative of drought resistance of crops, and ensure the safe production of crops.