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Myelin is an insulating layer around nerves.
In multiple sclerosis and similar diseases, it is gradually lost due to inflammation
.
Without this layer, nerve impulses throughout the body will slow down, leading to neurological problems
Although there are some treatments that can control symptoms or try to slow the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, effective treatments need to restore lost myelin
.
Finding a way to make the process of myelination run at a high speed is a key step in the search for treatment
Anastassia Voronova, assistant professor of the Department of Medical Genetics and Chair of Biology of Canadian Neural Stem Cells, explained that neural stem cells produce a variety of brain cells, including oligodendrocytes, a type of cell in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
.
Oligodendrocytes are the only brain cells that can produce myelin
"During development, these neural stem cells build the brain
.
In the adult brain, they exist partly because they replenish damaged or lost cells, including oligodendrocytes," said Voronova, who is also in neuroscience and mental health.
"However, especially in humans, the efficiency of replacing oligodendrocytes is very low
.
The goal of my laboratory is to identify molecules that can'awaken' all neural stem cells in our brain to supplement those oligodendrocytes
Voronova's research showed that fractalkine-a molecule previously thought to only function in the immune system-significantly stimulated the transformation of neural stem cells into oligodendrocytes
.
Voronova said: "(fractalkine) molecules and receptors work together to trigger a signal cascade within the cell
.
"
Voronova pointed out: "This is a very interesting era
.
" "I think we have just begun to fully understand the function of these oligodendrocytes
Voronova's team is now studying the remyelination ability of fractalkine in the ms mouse model
.
Voronova also plans to study whether fractalkine affects myelination in other neurodegenerative diseases
"Myelin is reduced in various neurodegenerative diseases, which makes the idea of enhancing the production of oligodendrocytes to repair myelin very exciting
.
"
This work was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and the European Research Regional Network team funded by the Canadian Institute of Health Research, the Canadian Research Chairperson Program, and the Canadian MS Association
.
The first author, Adrianne Eve Scovil Watson, received a postgraduate scholarship from the MS Association of Canada and the Storey Children’s Hospital Foundation through the Institute of Women’s and Children’s Health
.
Journal Reference :
Adrianne ES Watson, Monique MA de Almeida, Nicole L.
Dittmann, Yutong Li, Pouria Torabi, Tim Footz, Gisella Vetere, Danny Galleguillos, Simonetta Sipione, Astrid E.
Cardona, Anastassia Voronova.
Fractalkine signaling regulates oligodendroglial cell genesis from SVZ precursor .
Stem Cell Reports , 2021; 16 (8): 1968 DOI: 10.
1016/j.
stemcr.
2021.
06.
010
