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Nonunion of atrophic fractures is an important clinical problem with limited therapeutic intervention
Of the 16 million fractures that occur each year in the United States, about 10% do not heal in time, showing long-term healing or nonunion
Therefore, in order to succeed in patients with hypertrophic nonunion, it is usually necessary to carry out proper movement and fixation at the fracture site
The main population affected by atrophic nonunion are patients with inflammatory diseases, such as elderly patients, individuals who smoke, and patients with diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
In the process of normal fracture repair, chondrocytes and osteoblasts are the main cell types that secrete angiogenic factors, recruit endothelial cells, and promote angiogenesis and angiogenesis
references
Cuicui Wang et al.