Bio Valley recommendation: August must-see heavyweight study Top10.

!-- webeditor: page title" -- In a blink of an eye August is drawing to a close, what are the highlights of this month worthy of further study? Based on the type, heat, and field of study of this month's news, the editor-in-chief selected this month's heavyweight study Top10 to learn from.
picture source: CC0 Public Domain 1 Sci Rep: Watch out! People who are pessimistic about the future have a higher risk of premature death! Doi:10.1038/s41598-020-69388-y In a recent study published in the international journal Scientific Reports, scientists from the QIMR Berghofer Institute of Medicine and others found that people who are not pessimistic about the future tend to have a higher risk of premature death than those who are not pessimistic about the future;
researcher John Whitfield said participants with a higher pessimism score in the questionnaire were likely to die on average two years earlier than those with a lower pessimistic score, and were more likely to die from cardiovascular disease and other causes (not including cancer) in the future, with no significant relationship between the participants' optimistic scores and death, whether positive or negative.
Less than 9 percent of participants said they were very pessimistic, while men and women did not show a significant difference in their performance in terms of optimism or pessimism, with an average increase in a person's optimism or pessimism as they grew older; The researchers used data from about 3,000 participants who completed the Life Orientation Test as part of a questionnaire to analyse the health of Australians aged 50 and over between 1993 and 1995.
2 (Xinhua) -- Scientists from the Medical University of Vienna and others have identified the first RNA molecular ends of human cells in a study published in the international journal Science. A particular chemical reaction that researchers have previously observed only in bacteria and viruses, by tracking its origin in thousands of proteins, the researchers found that a special enzyme called ANGEL2 may perform this reaction, and that ANGEL2 plays a key role in regulating the body's response to cellular stress, as well as appearing to play a major role in the pathological progression of neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases.
RNA molecules are biological molecules with multiple functions, and the researchers point out that the chemical modification of the last sugar molecule in the RNA chain is critical to cellular processes, starting with an analysis of how the chemical modification, called end cyclophosphate group, was produced, and later found a reaction in human cells that can remove the modification process, but researchers do not yet know the specific enzyme responsible for inducing the reaction.
By using protein purification techniques, researchers began tracking the trajectory of the mysterious enzyme, and researcher Paola Hentges Pinto said that slowly, we screened candidate enzymes from a complex collection of thousands of proteins and tracked their ability to remove cyclophosphate groups, a very popular enzyme that belongs to members of the deadenylasease family, which reacts completely differently at the end of RNA.
: Scientists discover a four-stranded DNA structure or play a key role in the development of breast cancer doi:10.1038/s41588-020-0672-8 In a study published in The Genetics, scientists from the University of Cambridge and others found for the first time that a four-stranded DNA structure (G-quadruplexes) may play a key role in the development of specific types of breast cancer, and that the findings could potentially provide potential new targets for the development of individualized breast cancer therapies.
1953, scientists Francis Crick and James Watson of the University of Cambridge published an article in the journal Nature suggesting that DNA in cells is a entangled double helix structure, and 60 years later, researchers Shankar Balasubramanian and Steve Jackson found that in living cells, a Unusual four-stranded DNA structures may exist throughout the human genome, formed in areas of DNA rich in ostrich (G), and when a chain in double-stranded DNA is looped outwards, it doubles itself and forms a four-stranded "handle" in the genome, resulting in a structure called a G-four complex.
Previously, researchers developed sequencing techniques and methods to detect G-fours in DNA and chromatin, and found that G-fours play a key role in DNA transcription, making them more likely to appear in rapidly dividing cell genes, such as cancer cells;
in the process of DNA replication and cell division in cancer cells, most areas of the genome are mistakenly copied multiple times and induce changes in the number of copies (CNAs, copy number aberrations).
JAHA: More than 90,000 participants in 11 countries showed a lower risk of death in people with "hips and waistlines"! !--/ewebeditor: page -- !--webeditor: page title="--doi:10.1161/JAHA.119.015189 Recently, an article appeared in the international magazine Jour In a study entitled "Combined Influence of The American Heart Association and Hip Circumference on Risk of Death in a Large Cohort of European and Australian Adults", scientists from institutions such as Deakin University in Australia found that people with "hips and waists" appeared to have a lower risk of death than those of other sizes.
Previous researchers have found that waist and hip circumference are closely related to the risk of death in the population, but few researchers have combined these two factors to study the association between them and the risk of death in the population, in which researchers conducted a MORGA study in 30 queues in 11 countries The M (MONICA Risk, Genetics, Archives and Monographs) Research Program recruited 90,487 men and women aged 30-74 between 1986 and 2010, none of them without a history of cardiovascular disease.
: Chinese scientists reveal that the median incubation period for neo-crown pneumonia is 7.76 days instead of 4 to 5 days doi:10.1126/sciadv.abc12 In a new study, researchers from Peking University in China, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases used updated theories in probability to reduce recall bias bias in initial case reports, ingesting a new estimate of the incubation period of COVID-19.
study was published in the journal Science Advances.
their average estimate of 7.76 days, which is longer than the previous estimate of four to five days, and involves the largest sample size of patients in such an analysis to date.
these results provide health authorities with a potentially more accurate incubation period figure that could provide guidance for containment measures such as isolation and research to investigate the spread of disease.
countries and health authorities have implemented various containment measures, such as isolation, to slow the spread of COVID-19.
In order to function effectively, these strategies depend on an understanding of the incubation period of the disease - the time between when someone is infected and the initial symptoms of the disease --- and the extent to which it varies from person to person.
, however, scientists lack reliable estimates of the COVID-19 incubation period.
existing estimates of 4 to 5 days are based on small sample sizes, limited data, and self-reports that may be affected by memory or judgmental biases in patients or interviewers.
Photo Source: William Vermi/Martina Molgora 6: Blocking the function of special proteins or promising to enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapy to enhance the ability to remove drug-resistant cancer cells Doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.07.013 Immunotherapy can attack cancer cells by stimulating the patient's own immune system, thus enabling some cancer patients to develop disease quickly In complete remission, the therapy has revolutionized the treatment of cancer patients, but in reality it can only treat less than a quarter of patients because tumors are so cunning that they can effectively evade attacks by the host immune system, and scientists from the University of Washington School of Medicine and others recently found that blocking the function of a protein called TREM2 or enhancing the therapeutic effects of standard immunotherapy drugs could lead to the complete elimination of tumors. The findings could potentially provide more cancer patients with a potential new way to unleash the power of immunotherapy. 'Essentially, we've found a new tool that enhances tumor immunotherapy, which reduces the growth of specific tumors when used alone against antibodies to the TREM2 protein, but when combined with immunotherapy drugs, we can see a complete rejection of tumors,' said
researcher Marco Colonna. Some anti-TREM2 antibodies are already in clinical trials for the treatment of other diseases, so researchers must also study animal models to confirm these results, and if they do work, later researchers will conduct further clinical trials because some antibodies are currently available.
: Cell Res: Breakthrough! Chinese scientists have unveiled the atomic structure of the first EB virus shell doi:10.1038/s41422-020-0363-0 In a study published in the international journal Cell Research, scientists from the Shanghai Institute of Medicine of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Zhongshan University analyzed the first complete atomic model of the EBV nuclear crust through joint research.
As with other herpes viruses, EBV, as a member of the herpes virus subsoil, has a typical three-layer structure, i.e. outer lipid double-layered membrane, kernel shell and intermediate membrane structure, the assembly of the nuclear shell is a key step in the formation of infectious virus particles, therefore, revealing the mechanism of EBV nuclear shell assembly or is expected to help design new antiviral drugs.
As the first cancer virus to be discovered, EBV is one of the most important human herpes viruses, infecting more than 90% of the world's population and is closely related to the occurrence of a variety of malignancies, including Hodgkin's lymphoma, Burkett's lymphoma, NK/T cell lymphoma and nasopharyngeal cancer; Compared to the medical importance of EBV, research on its structure and function is largely hampered by the difficulty of sample preparation, which lags far behind other human herpes viruses, such as human cytocytovirus (HCMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV) and Caposi sarcoma-related herpes virus (KSHV).
: Cell Stem Cell: Neural Stem Cell Transplant Promises to Treat Spinal Cord Injury !--/ewebeditor:page--!--ewebeditor:page title"--doi:1 10.1016/j.stem.2020.07.007 The use of stem cells to restore function lost to spinal cord injury has always been an ambition of scientists and doctors.
nearly 18,000 people in the United States suffer from spinal cord injuries each year, and another 294,000 suffer from some degree of permanent paralysis or weakened body function, such as bladder control or breathing difficulties.
in a new study, researchers from the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine reported that they successfully implanted highly specialized transplants of neural stem cells directly into the spinal cord injury site in mice, then recorded how the grafts grew and filled the damaged site and integrated it with the mice's existing network of neurons.
results were published recently in the journal Cell Stem Cell, and the researchers say that before the study, neural stem cell transplants developed in the lab were a bit like black boxes.
previous studies have shown that animal models of spinal cord injuries have improved function after neural stem cell transplants, scientists don't know exactly what happened.
9 (Xinhua) -- Mitochondrials may promote the transformation of neural stem cells to neuron cells during brain development Doi:10.1126/science.aba9760 Mitochondrials are small cells that are important for providing energy to every cell in the body, especially for brains that need energy to maintain normal function, scientists from the Landers Biotechnology Institute and others have found in a study published in the international journal Science.