Besides being able to kill bacteria, antibiotics also have these wonderful effects! You know what?

We all know that antibiotics can cure infection and kill pathogenic bacteria With the deepening of research, scientists began to find that antibiotics may have other wonderful effects What magical functions do antibiotics have? Please follow Xiaobian to see the following report 【1】 JEM: antibiotic treatment can reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease in male mice doi: 10.1084/jem.20182386 recently, in a research report published in the International Journal of experimental medicine, researchers from the University of Chicago found that bacteria living in the intestinal tract Type can affect the development of Alzheimer's disease symptoms in mice The researchers said that long-term use of antibiotics can reduce inflammation by changing intestinal microbiota, thus slowing down the growth of amyloid plaques in the brain of male mice, but the same treatment has no effect on female mice The bacterial communities that live in the gastrointestinal tract, the gut microbiota, are generally harmless, but because they affect the activity of the human immune system, these bacteria can affect a wide range of diseases, even distant tissues, such as the brain Recent evidence suggests that gut bacteria may play an important role in a variety of neurological disorders, including autism, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, the researchers said Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the formation of amyloid plaques and the activation of microglia, the immune cells present in the brain These cells can help clear amyloid plaques, but their activation can also exacerbate disease by causing neuritis 【2】 Science sub Journal: antibiotic compound neolumine can reduce the adverse health events of HIV infected people doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aav0537 in a new study, researchers from the United Kingdom and other countries found that a common antibiotic called compound sulfamethoxazole can reduce the adverse health events of HIV infected children, and the relevant research results are published in science Journal of translational medicine In the past few decades, scientists have made great progress in treating HIV infection, so that it is no longer considered fatal, at least among people living in developed countries In many parts of Africa, the situation is more severe - many infected people can't afford the mixture of drugs needed to treat the infection In addition, there is the problem of high transmission rate In response, health workers in Africa have been looking for other ways to help those living with HIV, especially children One of the methods is to use cheap compound sulfamethoxazole, which has preventive effect It is speculated that the antibiotic may also reduce adverse health events associated with HIV infection, such as pneumonia In the new study, the researchers tried to determine whether the antibiotic did help people with HIV The researchers gave 293 children living in Uganda and Zimbabwe 96 weeks of sulfamethoxazole They then collected plasma samples from all children living with HIV and stopped giving the antibiotic to half of them They again collected plasma samples from all children 48 weeks later and compared their findings [3] antibiotics are helpful in the treatment of lung cancer, and they are one of the malignant tumors with high incidence rate and mortality rate and a great threat to the health and life of the population Incidence rate and incidence rate of lung cancer have been significantly increased in recent 50 years Lung cancer incidence and mortality rate is the first place in all cancers, and the incidence rate of female is second, and the mortality rate is second The etiology of lung cancer is still not completely clear, a large number of data show that a large number of long-term smoking is closely related to the occurrence of lung cancer Massachusetts Institute of technology researchers recently found that bacteria can promote the growth of lung cancer cells, so people are expected to use antibiotics to help treat lung cancer in the future According to the study, published in the journal Cell, lung cancer in mice can change the bacterial community in the lung, significantly increasing its total amount, thus stimulating the immune system to form an inflammatory environment and helping tumor cells to reproduce 【4】 PNAs: a new antibiotic can treat blindness in mice Doi: 10.1073/pnas.1816585116 a team of researchers from the United Kingdom, the United States, Japan and Germany developed an antibiotic that can kill a bacterium necessary for the growth of larvae in parasites that cause river blindness In their paper, published in the journal PNAs, the team described their development of antibiotics and their effectiveness in treating river blindness in mice River blindness is a disease caused by helminths When the larvae are under the skin, people get infected In many cases, infection can cause severe itching, disfigurement, and blindness when larvae enter the eyes Wolbachia is the necessary bacteria to promote the survival of worm larvae Previous studies have led to the development of antibiotics against Wolbachia, but they require patients to take them four to six weeks a day In addition to effectively killing Wolbachia, a new antibiotic called awz1066s can also be taken orally for a shorter time In addition, the researchers found that it did not disrupt intestinal biota 【5】 Cell subjournal: nifuzite, an antibiotic, can selectively kill melanoma initiating cells doi: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.09.005 within a tumor, there may be differences in the nature of different cells, some of which are more dangerous than others, because they have the potential to support tumor growth or develop resistance to drug therapy In melanoma, many more dangerous cells produce an enzyme called ALDH1 in large quantities At present, the treatment of this kind of tumor focuses on blocking ALDH1 In a new study, researchers from institutions such as the University of Edinburgh in Scotland want to go further and selectively kill cancer cells that produce higher levels of ALDH1 They used an antibiotic called nifuroxazide, which can be activated by ALDH1, meaning it only becomes toxic inside the cells that produce ALDH1 The results were published in the Journal of chemical biology Using human melanoma samples implanted in mice, the researchers confirmed that nifuzite treatment kills tumor cells that produce a large amount of ALDH1, while not producing significant toxicity to other cells in the body They hope that this strategy may be used as a supplement to existing melanoma drugs (BRAF and MEK inhibitors) Currently, some melanoma patients are resistant to BRAF and MEK inhibitors, and these researchers found that some of the resistant melanoma expressed high levels of ALDH1 【6】 ELife: exposure to antibiotics early in life may change the risk of type 1 diabetes doi: 10.7554/elife.37816 according to a study recently published in eLife and led by researchers from the New York University School of medicine, taking only one course of antibiotics early in childhood may increase the risk of type 1 diabetes Early intestinal microorganisms play a key role in shaping the development of host immune system The researchers found that an early life course of antibiotics (1pat) accelerated the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in male NOD mice This single course of treatment will have a profound and lasting impact on intestinal microorganisms, leading to changes in cecum, liver and serum metabolites At the same time, after exposure, the chromatin state of ileum and liver and the disturbance of ileum gene expression are sex dependent, which will change the normal mature mode Total signal changes include changes in specific genes that control innate and adaptive immunity 【7】 Natural microbiols: local antibiotics or can induce unexpected antiviral response doi: 10.1038/s41564-018-0138-2 recently, a report was published in the international journal Nature microbiology entitled "topical app lication of aminoglycoside antibacterials enhancements host resistance to viral infections in a microbiota independent In manner's report, researchers from Yale University and other institutions investigated bacteria through research When the researchers applied a common local antibiotic to mice before or shortly after they were infected with herpesvirus and other viruses, they found that antibiotics can induce a special antiviral tolerance in mice Akiko, immunologist, Hughes Medical School, Howard Iwasaki said that we focused on the study of an antibiotic called neomycin, which can significantly inhibit the activity of herpes virus in infected mice and reduce the infection symptoms of mice; when researchers studied the gene expression in mice after antibiotic treatment, they found that the gene expression stimulated by interferon in mice was significant Enhanced, interferon is a kind of protein that can block virus replication; through later in-depth research, researchers said that neomycin can induce receptors on the surface of immune cells of mice to react to antibiotics, which is similar to virus infection 【8】 Mbio: new antibiotics bring hope for the treatment of plague Doi: 10.1128/mbio.00674-17 pathogen bacteria can quickly generate drug tolerance, which makes researchers have to continuously update the anti pathogen drugs Recently, scientists have found a kind of antibiotic - "lpc-069", which can inhibit the enzyme "lpxc" necessary for the outer membrane synthesis of Gram-negative bacteria The mouse test shows that the antibiotic has the ability to inhibit the infection of Yersinia pestis The results were published in the latest issue of mbio Lpxc inhibitor is a new type of antibiotic drug for Gram-negative bacteria infection As early as 20 years ago, researchers have found that lpxc can be used as a target for killing bacteria, but no effective drug has been developed In this study, the authors found that a class of lpxc inhibitors called "lpc-058" has the ability to kill bacteria in vitro, and in vivo tests have also shown that it can reduce the severity of Yersinia pestis infection However, in the case of high dose, the drug will have serious side effects, including diarrhea, leukocytosis, liver toxicity and so on In contrast, lpc-069 had no serious side effects in the high dose range In vivo tests showed that the compound had broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, including highly resistant bacteria 【9】 Ontarget: Vitamin C + antibiotics: the anti-cancer effect increases 100 times Doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.18428 tumor stem cells are one of the sources of fatal tumors According to a new study by Stanford University, vitamin C + antibiotic combination can clear cancer stem cells According to the new study, published on oncotarget, the antibiotic called doxycycline, if added after the action of vitamin C, can kill cancer stem cells highly effectively in laboratory conditions The researchers explained that this method provides a new way to prevent drug resistance of cancer cells and shows how to use combination therapy to overcome drug resistance of tumor cells Professor Michael lisanti, who designed the experiment, explained: "we now know that some tumor cells can avoid chemotherapy