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A unique tiny antibody produced by the llama can be used as a simple nasal spray to provide patients with a new first-line treatment for Covid-19
Research led by scientists at the Rosalind Franklin Institute has shown that nanobodies—a smaller and simpler form of antibodies produced by llamas and camels—can effectively target the disease that causes Covid-19.
They found that the short chain of this molecule can be produced in large quantities in the laboratory, and when injected into an infected animal model, it significantly reduces the signs of Covid-19 disease
Nanobodies are tightly bound to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and neutralizing it in cell culture can provide a cheaper and easier-to-use alternative to human antibodies extracted from patients recovered from Covid-19
The Department of Public Health of the United Kingdom called the study "huge potential in the prevention and treatment of Covid-19," adding that the nanobody "is one of the most effective SARS-CoV-2 neutralizers we have tested
"Nanobodies have many advantages over human antibodies," said Professor Ray Owens, head of protein production at the Rosalind Franklin Institute and lead author of the study
The research team's findings, published in " Nature Communication on" magazine
The spike protein is located on the outside of the virus and is responsible for binding to human cells and infecting them
Although the injection did not make Feifei sick, it triggered her immune system to fight it by producing nano-antibodies against viral proteins
These Nanobodies are then combined into three chains to enhance their ability to bind to viruses
The team discovered that the three Nanobody chains can neutralize the original variant of the Covid-19 virus and the alpha variant first discovered in Kent, UK
When one of the nanobody chains-also known as the trimer-was injected into hamsters infected with SARS-CoV-2, the disease of these animals was significantly reduced, and the weight loss after 7 days was much lower than that of no treatment Hamster
Professor James Naismith, director of the Rosalind Franklin Institute, helped lead the study.
These results are the first step in the development of a new treatment for Covid-19, which may prove invaluable as the pandemic continues
"Although the vaccine has proven to be very successful, not everyone responds to the vaccine, and the individual's immunity weakens at different times," said Professor Naismith
Professor Naismith added that if successful and approved, Nanobodies will provide an important treatment worldwide because they are easier to produce than human antibodies and do not need to be stored in cold storage facilities
The research team includes scientists from the University of Liverpool, the University of Oxford and the Department of Public Health England, and now hopes to obtain funding to conduct further research in preparation for human clinical research
.
Professor Miles Carroll, Deputy Director of the National Infection Service (PHE) of Public Health England, said: "Although this research is still in its early stages, it opens up significant possibilities for the use of effective nanobodies to treat COVID-19
.
"These are the most effective SARS-CoV-2 neutralizers
we have tested in the public health department .
We believe that the unique structure and strength of nanobodies contribute to their great potential in preventing and treating COVID-19.
We Looking forward to cooperating to advance this work into clinical research
.
"
Dr Andrew Byrne, Director of EPSRC Partnerships said:
"Using the unique properties of llama nanobodies, this research may lead to an important new form of Covid-19 treatment that is cheaper to produce and easier to use
.
"This vividly illustrates the possible impact of the long-term discovery research carried out by the Rosalind Franklin Institute at the forefront of physics and life sciences
.
"
Co-author, Professor James Stewart, Professor of Molecular Virology at the University of Liverpool, said: “Preclinical trials of nanobodies in hamsters are very encouraging and show that they may be effective in treating COVID-19 and help prevent infection
.
Such treatments will be very important for people who are vaccinated or who are not suitable or ineffective
.
"
Professor Owens said: "When a new virus emerges in the future, the universal technology we develop can respond to it, which is very important to produce new treatments as soon as possible
.
"
Reference: A potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralising nanobody shows therapeutic efficacy in the Syrian golden hamster model of COVID-19.
22 September 2021, Nature Communications .
DOI: 10.
1038/s41467-021-25480-z