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High-speed trains have become an important way for industrialized developed countries to relieve road, water and air traffic congestion.
Many countries in the world, including China, have taken the development of high-speed trains as an important goal of future train development
.
Harmony
The application of composite materials in trains can be roughly divided into two categories according to the bearing characteristics: composite non-main bearing parts and composite main bearing parts
.
1.
Application of composite materials in train auxiliary parts and general load-bearing parts
In the high-speed passenger cars used in Japan's Shinkansen, glass fiber reinforced raw material (GFRP) composite materials are mainly used in window trim frames, washrooms, toilets, urinals, water tanks, urinals, front covers, double-decker passenger cars The roof panels at both ends, the ceiling of the air-conditioning duct, and the side ceiling of the air-conditioning cover of the dining car,
etc.
Similarly, French TGV high-speed trains also use fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP) to manufacture floors, wall panels, door and window frames, seats and doors
.
On the Italian ETR500 high-speed train, all internal structural side walls, ceilings and luggage compartments use high specific stiffness composite sandwich panels - two layers of Tedlar polyvinyl fluoride plastic sheets sandwich Nomex honeycomb core material glass fiber phenolic layer Press plate; Eurostar trains also use phenolic honeycomb panels for their internal structural parts
.
The British railway department found that the performance of the aramid fiber reinforced composite material was very satisfactory after the test
.
2.
The main bearing parts of the train made of composite materials
At present, the application of fiber-reinforced composite materials in load-bearing structural parts is also increasing, and its technology is basically close to practical application
.
(1) The driver's cab of the high-speed train
.
high-speed train driver's cab
(2) Composite roof
.
The application of composite materials on the roof cover can lower the center of gravity of the vehicle and increase the stability of the vehicle body
.
The Japan Railway Research Institute, in cooperation with East Japan Railway Company, made a high-speed train roof from carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP), which was attached to the aluminum alloy frame by gluing, and then welded to the aluminum alloy body Alloy sidewalls are joined together
.
Tests show that the car body using this roof has higher airtight strength and lower center of gravity, and each car is reduced by about 300~500Kg
(3) Composite car body
.
The car body is divided into two types according to different processes:
1.
The 2.
1mm thick curved plate and the longitudinal beam are made into one piece, and the pultruded CFRP outer plate is riveted on the aluminum alloy frame.
The trial production body is 6000mm long, 3300mm wide, 3290mm high, and weighs 680Kg
.
2.
Two semi-circular car bodies with a length of 1000mm, a width of 3320mm and a height of 3300mm are formed by hot pressing, and then riveted to each other, reducing the weight by 30% compared with the aluminum alloy car body
.
Moreover, phenolic-based CFRP has better high temperature resistance than aluminum alloys.
Aluminum alloys will produce large flexural deformations at 400 °C and 40 MPa stress, while phenolic-based CFRPs have very small stress deformations at 500 °C and 130 MPa
.
Body 3D
(4) Composite bogie
.
The bogie of a rolling stock is an important part that supports the car body and ensures the smooth running of the train.
Its frame is a large load-bearing member with particularly high requirements on strength and fatigue resistance.
With the support of the Federal Ministry of Research and Technology, German AEG and MBB companies, Developed the world's first composite frame bogie, model HLD-E, with a design speed of 200Km/h
.
Following Germany, Japan has also successfully trial-produced a CFRP bogie frame.
The weight of the frame is 0.
3t, which is 70% lighter than that of ordinary steel frame.
Forming, the maximum design speed is 160Km/h
.
High-speed train bogie
