Application and supervision of plant extracts in food

Can plant extracts be used as food raw materials? The information service center of food partner network gives a brief introduction to plant extracts, and lists the situations that are allowed to be used in various relevant regulations one by one for the reference of netizens I what are the common plant extracts? The components of plant extracts can be generally divided into glycosides, acids, polyphenols, polysaccharides, terpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids, etc., such as green tea extract, which is mainly composed of tea polyphenols; ginseng extract, which mainly contains a variety of ginsenosides; according to different properties, it can be divided into extract, powder, lens, etc., such as violet leaf extract, chrysanthemum extract At present, there are nearly 100 kinds of plant extracts popular in the world, and the common ones are as follows: 1 Antioxidants: grape seed extract, green tea extract, pine bark extract, etc.; 2 Immunomodulators: ginseng extract, Gynostemma extract, Ganoderma lucidum extract, etc; 3 Improve cardiovascular system functions: Ginkgo biloba extract, lotus seed extract, Rhodiola extract, etc.; 4 Sedatives: valerian extract, hops extract, etc.; 5 Natural pigments: lycopene, purple potato extract, etc.; 6 Functional sweeteners: licorice extract, stevia extract, etc 2 The application and supervision of plant extracts in food at present, there is no uniform regulation on the use of plant extracts as food raw materials in China, and some substances are regulated in different forms 1 According to GB2760, some plant extracts can be used as food additives According to their functions, they can be divided into: 1) antioxidant: Rosemary extract; tea polyphenol (also known as vitamin polyphenol); Glycyrrhiza antioxidant; bamboo leaf antioxidant 2) natural flavor: clove flower bud tincture (extract); Chinese cinnamon bark tincture (extract); turu tincture (extract); walnut shell extract; Cola fruit extract; laurel leaf extract / oleoresin; ginger extract (ginger extract); white oak sawdust extract; Styrax extract; Croton extract; saponaceous bark extract; good ginger root extract; spring chrysanthemum oil (extract)（ Roman); Chinese medicine Rhamnus extract; solstice extract; mohalfsland extract; seaweed (alga) extract; gall root extract; wild black cherry bark extract; wax chrysanthemum extract; naringin (naringin extract); Paraguay tea pure oil / extract; Baishan peach bark extract; guarana extract; Nutmeg oleoresin / extract; West Indian bay leaf extract; Angelica sinensis extract; hardwood extract; yellow mustard extract / yellow mustard oleoresin; brown mustard extract; black pepper oleoresin / black pepper extract; elemene oil / extract / fragrant resin; molasses extract; alfalfa extract; zhongxiangzi oleoresin / extract; basil extract; celery seed extract (solid); celery seed (CO2) extract; yellow jinjina bark extract; red Clover extract (solid); dandelion root solid extract; spiced Acer extract (solid); sage oleoresin / extract; Smilax China extract; valerian root extract; chestnut leaf extract; elderberry flower extract; saffron extract; fragrant leaf extract; lemon extract; tamarind seed extract (extract); fenugreek seed extract; sweet orange peel extract; ferula liquid Extract (flow extract); myrrh resin extract; prickly ash extract; absinthe extract; juniper extract; licorice extract (powder); Betaine (natural extract); hyssop extract (also known as vanilla extract); Anguo bark extract; German chrysanthema (mother chrysanthemum) extract; carmine tree extract; Kali peel extract; rose seed extract; ganniuzhi oleoresin/ Extract; Moroccan cardamom extract; sesame (CO2) extract; dried bonito (CO2) extract; aloe extract; Swallow root (Asclepiadaceae) extract; grape seed extract ; spearmint extract; jiulixiang extract; liquorice extract; Magnolia extract; rose extract; iris extract; chrysanthemum extract (also known as chrysanthemum extract); Maple extract; rock rose extract (also known as laibaidang extract); Acacia extract; jasmine extract; jasmine extract; turmeric extract; hawkhawkthorn extract; gardenia extract; orchid extract; tree moss extract Extract; Vetiver extract; vanilla bean extract (extract); Torreya seed extract; hops extract; osmanthus extract; wild rose extract; chicory extract; Tuberose extract; violet leaf extract; blackcurrant extract; sophora flower extract; crocus extract; sandalwood extract; dandelion extract; Cucurbita seed extract; red dates extract 3) colorant (natural pigment): chrysanthemum yellow extract; tomato red; orange yellow; black bean red; blackcurrant red; safflower yellow; red rice red; peanut coat red; Curcumin; caramel color; Golden Cherry brown; cocoa shell color; hot pepper orange; hot pepper red; chili oleoresin; blue spindle red; radish red; groundflower red; rose eggplant red; misty yellow; grape skin red; mulberry red; seabuckthorn yellow; date Color; natural amaranth; acorn shell brown; cochineal red; carmine tree orange (also known as mahogany, red reducing lignin); bayberry red; lutein; corn yellow; hyperorange; algal blue (light, sea water); gardenia yellow; gardenia blue; purple grass red; purple sweet potato pigment; sorghum red; beet red China has approved the use of more than 40 natural pigments in the standard, only beet red, tangerine red, hot pepper red, caramel color, miyonghuang, radish red, blackcurrant red, Monascus Yellow, orange yellow and other varieties, the use of which is unlimited, and can be added appropriately according to production needs Most of the other varieties have the maximum use limit Among them, the maximum use amount of Arnebia is 0.1g/kg, which is the same as the limit of synthetic pigment carmine and new red; the maximum use amount of curcumin is 0.01g/kg, which is one tenth of that of synthetic pigment sunset yellow and lemon yellow 4) sweetener: sorbitan; stevioside; Mogroside (Mogroside extract) 2 Dunaliella salina and its extract were approved as new resource food (now known as new food raw material) by Announcement No 18, 2009 of the former Ministry of health Three The 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia specifies rhubarb extract, rhubarb extract, salvianolic acid extract, tanshinone extract, liquorice extract, liquorice extract, Beidou root extract, angelica current extract, hawthorn leaf extract, Forsythia Extract, yuanzhiliu extract, acanthopanax senticosus extract, Zhongjiefeng extract, Yinchen extract, Jiangliu extract, motherwort current extract, Zhebei current 21 kinds of products, such as extract, gingko leaf extract, huangcen extract, belladonna liquid extract, belladonna extract, can be used as pharmaceutical raw materials 4 China Chamber of Commerce for import and export of medical and health products has released Ginkgo biloba extract, bilberry extract, ginseng extract and Polygonum cuspidatum extract , Centella asiatica extract, willow branch extract, silymarin extract and other commercial standards, but according to the functions of the Ministry of Commerce, these substances can not be determined to be used as food raw materials, only applicable to the export of products to the EU market, the U.S and Japan market, and more plant extract variety standards will be developed in the future 5 In the Q & A on health food declaration of the health food evaluation center of the State Food and drug administration, it was pointed out that enterprises can purchase plant extracts as health food raw materials, but they should meet the corresponding requirements in the application process Many extracts involved in health food are lack of national standards The new "food safety law" puts forward for the first time the "health food raw material catalog", which will play a normative role in the extract Market after its establishment, and consumers will have an authoritative basis for purchasing Based on the above analysis, the information service center of food partner network believes that, under the premise of meeting relevant regulations, after registration, declaration and approval, plant extracts can be used as health food raw materials, but not as ordinary food raw materials If they are to be used in ordinary food, they shall be declared as new food raw materials or new varieties of food additives in accordance with the relevant provisions of the health and Family Planning Commission.