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According to a simulation study published in Scientific Reports, modern humans may have coexisted with Neanderthals in France and northern Spain for 1400 to 2900 years
before Neanderthals disappeared.
These findings deepen our understanding of
the existence of these two species of humans in the region.
Recent fossil evidence suggests that modern humans (Homo sapiens) and Neanderthals (Neanderthals) may have coexisted in Europe for 5,000 to 6,000 years
before Neanderthals became extinct.
However, there is little evidence that they coexist at the regional level, and it is difficult to determine when
the two species first appeared and disappeared in these areas.
Igor Djakovic and his colleagues analyzed a dataset of 56 Neanderthal and modern human artifacts (28 in each group) from 17 archaeological sites in France and northern Spain, as well as another 10 Neanderthal specimens
from the same region.
Since 2000, all samples have been radiocarbon dating using robust, modern technology to improve accuracy
.
The authors used optimal linear estimates and Bayesian probability models to estimate the date range and responsible populations of these samples, and to infer the earliest and latest dates
on which these human populations might occur at these sites.
This model fills in the missing parts
of the archaeological record that hinder data estimation.
Based on this model, the authors estimate that Neanderthal artifacts first appeared between 45,343 and 44,248 and disappeared between
39,894 and 39,798.
According to directly measured Neanderthal remains, Neanderthals became extinct between
40,870 and 40,457 years.
It is estimated that modern humans first appeared between 42,653 and 42,269 years ago
.
The authors conclude that this suggests that the two humans coexisted in these regions for 1400 to 2900 years
.
However, these results do not indicate how or whether modern humans and Neanderthals influenced
each other.
Optimal linear estimation models predict 1400–2900 years of overlap between Homo sapiens and Neandertals prior to their disappearance from France and northern Spain
