Analysis and Research on the Influence of VOCs Treatment on Construction Machinery Coatings

Authors of this article: Zhang Rui, Wang Chunying, Qiao Kun, Yu Ping, Yang Jianming

Source of this article: Issue 4 of "Coating Industry" in 2021

Construction machinery is an important branch of the machinery industry.

1 Characteristics and status quo of construction machinery coating

Construction machinery products not only have many types and models, but also have a wide range of changes in workpiece materials, shapes, sizes, etc.

(1) There is a big difference in coating lines

(2) The overall level of the coating line is not high

(3) Different construction machinery product parts have different coating processes

(4) The coating process is generally backward

2 Coating requirements for VOCs treatment

VOCs in the coating of construction machinery can be treated from the source, process, and end to achieve the reduction of VOCs
.
Source emission reduction and the use of low-VOCs coatings are the most effective way to achieve VOCs emission reduction.
Therefore, raw material substitution is listed as the primary option for VOCs governance in the relevant documents of the country, provinces and cities
.

2.
1 Restrict the use of high-VOCs coatings

The State Council’s "Three-year Action Plan for Winning the Blue Sky Defense" (Guo Fa [2018] No.
22) requires "VOCs to fully implement special emission limit values ​​for air pollution".
Article 20 states: "Construction in key areas is prohibited Production and use of solvent-based coatings with high VOCs content"
.
Beginning in 2018, the state has restricted the production and use of high-VOCs coatings in key areas, and it is not allowed to build projects that produce and use high-VOCs coatings
.

The "Yangtze River Delta Region 2018-2019 Autumn and Winter Air Pollution Comprehensive Treatment Action Plan" also clearly prohibits the production of new, renovated, and expanded projects for high-VOCs content organic solvent-based coatings, inks, and adhesives.
The production and use of high-VOCs The paint item lights up red
.
The VOCs governance documents of other provinces and cities also require restrictions on the production and use of high-VOCs coatings
.

However, for construction machinery, there is no criterion for high-VOCs coatings
.
In September 2013, the State Council issued the "Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan" which proposed: "Implement comprehensive rectification of volatile organic compounds in petrochemical, organic chemistry, coatings, packaging and printing industries, and improve the volatile organic compounds limit standards for products such as coatings
.
" In 2014, the "Limits of Hazardous Substances in Anticorrosive Coatings for Building Steel Structures" (GB30981-2014) was released, but it does not apply to construction machinery
.
The "Limits of Hazardous Substances in Industrial Protective Coatings" (GB30981-2020) issued on March 4, 2020 has special and specific requirements for the VOCs content of coatings for construction machinery, as shown in Table 1
.
The standard has been implemented on December 1, 2020.
The VOCs content of coatings used in construction machinery cannot exceed the limit in Table 1, otherwise it is a substandard product
.

Table 1 VOCs content of coatings for construction machinery

Not only policy restrictions, but also increased penalties in law
.
Article 46 of the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Law of the People’s Republic of China stipulates that “industrial coating companies should use paints with low volatile organic content and establish a ledger to record the usage, waste, whereabouts and volatilization of raw materials and auxiliary materials.
Sexual organic content"
.
Article 108 clearly states: “If one of the following acts is committed in violation of the provisions of this law, the competent department of ecological environment of the people’s government at or above the county level shall order corrections and impose a fine of not less than 20,000 yuan but not more than 200,000 yuan; refusal to make corrections One of the illegal acts is that “industrial coating companies have not used low-volatile organic compound coatings or have not established or kept accounts”
.

On May 22, 2019, the Ministry of Ecology and Environmental Protection issued the "Guiding Opinions on Further Regulating the Applicable Discretionary Power of Environmental Administrative Penalties" (Huan Wenwen [2019] No.
42), and each province and city subsequently formulated its own "Eco-Environmental Administrative Penalty Standards" ", such as the "Notice of the Chongqing Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment on Printing and Distributing the Judgment Standards of Environmental Administrative Penalties in Chongqing" (Yuhuan [2019] No.
77), "Beijing Eco-Environmental System Administrative Penalty Standards of Discretion" (Jinghuan Development [2020] No.
7), "the ecological environment of Shandong Province administrative discretion standard punishment" (Lu ring Fa [2020] 1) and so on
.
Shandong Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment issued the "Shandong Provincial Ecological Environment Administrative Penalty Judgment Standards" (Luhuanfa [2020] No.
1) to position the discretionary level of unused low-volatile organic compound coatings at level 5 (the highest level of discretion is 5)
.

Other provinces and cities also have corresponding ecological environmental administrative penalties.
The use of high-VOCs coatings not only stays on restrictions, but also rises to administrative penalties or illegal penalties
.

2.
2 Advocate the use of low-VOCs coatings

In 2013, the State Council’s "Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan" has already proposed "promoting the use of water-based coatings
.
" However, due to many factors such as coatings, process, cost, environmental pressure, etc.
, before 2018, water-based coatings were not really promoted in the construction machinery industry
.

In the Comprehensive Treatment Plan for Volatile Organic Compounds in Key Industries (Huantaiqi [2019] No.
53), the comprehensive management of industrial coating VOCs is listed as a key industry governance task, and it is required to "increase in automobiles, furniture, containers, electronic products, and construction machinery.
Governance of VOCs in other industries"
.
The "Comprehensive Treatment Plan for Volatile Organic Compounds in Key Industries" not only clearly requires "strengthening source control, and speeding up the use of powder, water, high solids, radiation curing and other low-VOCs coatings instead of solvent-based coatings", but also more detailed requirements "engineering machinery" Manufacturing vigorously promotes the use of water-based, powder and high-solid coatings"
.

On June 3, 2020, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment issued the "Opinions on Actively Serving and Implementing the "Six Guarantees" Tasks under the Prerequisite of Normalization of Epidemic Prevention and Control, and Resolutely Winning the Battle of Pollution Prevention and Control" (Huan Ting [2020] No.
27) , The document requires priority to be implemented in the production and use of low-VOCs raw and auxiliary materials source substitution
.
For enterprises that have not implemented low-VOCs source replacement of raw and auxiliary materials and have not adopted high-efficiency treatment facilities, they are encouraged to adopt peak-shift emission reduction measures in summer and autumn
.
Promote the use of low-VOCs content coatings, inks, adhesives and cleaning agents that meet national product quality standards
.

On June 24, 2020, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment issued the "2020 Volatile Organic Compounds Governance Tackling Plan" (Huan Qiqi [2020] No.
33), which clearly "vigorously promote the production and substitution of low (no) VOCs raw and auxiliary materials
.
Will be fully used Enterprises with low VOCs content raw and auxiliary materials that meet national requirements are included in the positive list and government green procurement list
.
"

On June 29, 2020, the "Technical Guidelines for the Development of Emergency Emission Reduction Measures for Key Industries in Heavy Pollution Weather (2020 Revised Edition)" (Huanban Qiqihan [2020] No.
340) was released.
Construction machinery manufacturing is one of the key industries.

.
In the performance grading differentiation index, the raw and auxiliary materials of A-level enterprises must use water-based coatings, solvent-free coatings or powder coatings, and solvent-based coatings are not allowed
.
A-level companies do not enforce emission reduction measures during all heavy pollution weather warning periods, and B-level companies that do not use solvent-based coatings do not enforce production restrictions or stop production during heavy pollution weather yellow and orange weather warning periods, which leads more Companies use water-based coatings, solvent-free coatings or powder coatings
.

Guangdong Province's "Guangdong Provincial Environmental Protection Department's Implementation Plan for the Comprehensive Remediation of Volatile Organic Compounds in Key Industries (2014-2017)" requires the surface coating industry to increase the proportion of coatings with low volatile organic content and encourage companies to use water that meets environmental protection requirements , High solids, powder and other low VOCs content coatings
.
The construction machinery manufacturing industry is required to promote the use of high-solids, powder coatings, and the proportion of use will reach more than 30% by the end of 2020; the pilot implementation of water-based coatings
.
Guangdong became the province that made special requirements for construction machinery coatings earlier
.
The 2017 "Shandong Province's "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" Volatile Organic Compound Pollution Prevention and Control Work Plan" is the same as Guangdong Province, requiring the construction machinery industry to promote the use of high-solid, powder coatings, and the use ratio will reach more than 30% by the end of 2020; Pilot implementation of water-based coatings
.

The "Shanghai Volatile Organic Compounds Deepening Prevention and Control Work Plan (2018-2020)" proposes that the industry will comprehensively promote the replacement of raw and auxiliary materials and products with low (no) VOCs content and accelerate the elimination of high volatile solvents in the production and use of vehicles by 2020 Key industries such as manufacturing, packaging and printing, furniture, and container manufacturing promote low-volatility products
.
The construction machinery manufacturing industry is required to promote the use of high solids, powder coatings, and pilot water-based coatings
.
By 2019, the proportion of coatings with low VOCs content will reach more than 30%
.

On November 6, 2018, the People’s Government of Fujian Province issued the “Implementation Plan of the Three-Year Action Plan for Winning the Blue Sky Defense in Fujian Province”, encouraging key industries and enterprises to carry out water-based transformation of production processes and equipment, and increase the greenness of water-based coatings and powder coatings.
, The use of low-volatility paint products speeds up the process of water-based paint and reduces the emission of volatile organic compounds from the source of production
.

On May 31, 2020, the Shandong Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment issued the "Shandong Province Special Action Plan for the Enhanced Management of Volatile Organic Compounds in the Summer and Autumn of 2020" (Luhuanfa [2020] No.
27), which clearly requires continued promotion of source substitution
.
On December 13, 2019, the Department of Ecology and Environment of Shandong Province issued the "Guiding Opinions on the Governance of Enterprises Involving Volatile Organic Compounds in Shandong Province by Industry" (Lu Huan Fa [2019] No.
146), requiring the surface coating industry to promote source substitution through the use of Water-based, powder, high-solid, solvent-free and other low-VOCs content coatings replace solvent-based coatings and reduce VOCs generation from the source
.
On June 30, 2020, the Shandong Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment issued the "Guiding Opinions on the Management and Control of Unorganized Emissions by Industrial Enterprises in Shandong Province" (Lu Huan Fa [2020] No.
30), which also requires the surface coating industry to use water-based, powder , High-solids, solvent-free and other low-VOCs content coatings replace solvent-based coatings, reducing VOCs generation from the source
.

Most provinces and cities across the country also put forward raw material substitution requirements in the relevant documents of VOCs governance.
The coating industry basically promotes the use of high-solids, powder coatings, water-based coatings and other low-VOCs coatings, but in high-solids, powder coatings , The ranking of water-based coatings is different in each province and city, and the time point of advancement is also different
.
Some provinces and cities have specified requirements for construction machinery coatings, and they all advocate the use of water-based coatings, powder coatings, and high-solid coatings instead of solvent-based coatings
.

2.
3 Low VOCs paint exemption

《（2016）》（39）、，《（2021）》（15）2016
。，“201681《》（2016）HW12、
。（1）264-011-12、、、（）、
。（2）264-012-12（）、
。（3）900-252-12（）、、
。，（）”
。、、，，、，
。

VOCs，，、，、
。，VOCs（≤10%），、，
。

，，
。，，VOCs
。

3 VOCs

，
。、、，
。

3.
1

。，、、，
。，VOCs60%，，VOCs，VOCs
。

，、、，
。，、
。，
。

3.
2

，VOCs，VOCs15%，10%
。，VOCs
。、，
。，15℃、
。，，，，，
。
。，，
。，，
。，60~80℃40min，10min，30%
。10%~50%，
。

，VOCs，、
。，、，，，，、，，
。

，VOCs，
。，VOCs，，
。

3.
3

VOCs，VOCs，98%，，，VOCs
。，180℃，，
。20，、3mm
。VOCs，，，3mm6mm10mm，
。

3.
4

VOCs，VOCs，20，
。，
。，
。120℃，，、
。，，
。，VOCs
。

3.
5

60%~85%，VOCs10%~30%，VOCs，VOCs
。、，，
。，VOCs，，，，
。，B、C，、
。，，60~80℃10min，30%
。，
。

3.
6

95%，、、
。，，、、
。VOCs，、、，
。，VOCs，
。

Aston polyurea coating is also a relatively environmentally friendly coating.
It has obvious advantages in the comprehensive evaluation of paint film quality, VOCs content, energy consumption, comprehensive cost, investment cost, etc.
It has begun to attract attention in the construction machinery industry, but it is still in The experimental stage
.
VOCs governance will promote the application research of Aston polyurea coatings in construction machinery, but it is difficult to promote the application in large quantities in the short term
.

4 Conclusion

The treatment of VOCs will have a great impact on the coating materials of construction machinery
.
However, due to the characteristics of construction machinery parts, coating equipment, coating technology, etc.
, the treatment of VOCs has different effects on different coatings of construction machinery
.

(1) Traditional solvent-based coatings are the focus of the treatment of VOCs, which are affected the most.
The scope of replacement is enlarged and the speed of replacement is accelerated
.

(2) Due to the low VOCs content of water-based coatings, the construction method is exactly the same as that of traditional solvent-based coatings, and is not limited by the structure and size of the workpiece.
Therefore, the scope of promotion and application will increase, the speed of promotion and application will be accelerated, and it will replace existing solvents on a large scale Type coating
.

(3) Although electrophoretic coatings have been applied earlier in the construction machinery industry, the process is mature, and the impact is small due to process limitations, and there is little change
.

(4) The application range of powder coatings in the construction machinery industry will be expanded, but due to technological limitations, it cannot replace the existing solvent-based coatings on a large scale, and the changes are not obvious
.

(5) High-solid paint can be used without changing the existing equipment, so it will quickly replace a small part of traditional solvent-based paint in the short term
.
However, since the content of VOCs is still higher than that of other types of low-VOCs coatings, the application range is not as large as that of water-based coatings
.

(6) Under the influence of the treatment of VOCs, the application research of radiation curing coatings and Aspartame polyurea coatings in the construction machinery industry will accelerate, but the scope of promotion and application will not be large in the short term
.