An article to understand the application progress of ADCs, bispecific antibodies and trispecific antibodies targeting BCMA in MM

In recent years, in addition to naked antibodies targeting DKK1, CD38, and SLAMF7, researchers have also studied several antibody-based therapies in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM)
.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) have been used in a variety of solid tumors and hematological malignancies, the mechanism of which is to deliver toxic payloads to cancer cells with specific surface markers
.

Belantamab Mafodotin is the first FDA-approved ADC targeting B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) for the treatment of relapses that have received at least 4 therapies (including anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies, proteasome inhibitors, and immunomodulators).
Or adult patients with refractory MM
.

Currently, Belantamab Mafodotin is being explored in combination with other drugs for more frontline MM treatment
.

In addition, in addition to targeting BCMA, ADCs targeting other surface markers of MM (such as CD38, CD46, CD56, CD74, CD138, etc.
) are also under development, but are in the early stage of clinical development
.

Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) were considered as a new idea to direct the cytotoxic immune effector cell system to cancer cells in the late 1960s, and achieved clinical results in the early 21st century
.

BsAbs can recognize CD3 on T cells and target MM-specific surface markers, including BCMA, GPRC5D, CD38, and FCRH5 (see the table below for details)
.

In the pre-clinical development, it is explored that CD16 replaces CD3 BsAbs to help natural killer cells target tumor cells, but this discussion only summarizes the clinical data of BsAbs in the treatment of MM that have been reported at recent international conferences.

.

Table: Bispecific antibodies in clinical development of multiple myeloma Finally, trispecific antibodies are in the pre-clinical development stage, with dual MM surface marker targeting effects, trying to increase the specificity of MM cells
.

Reference source: Saad Z.
Usmani.
2021 SOHO.
EXABS-211-MM.
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