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Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by poor sustained attention, impaired impulse control, and hyperactivity
A meta-analysis study estimated that the age-standardized prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in people over 60 years old worldwide is 5% to 7%
Prodromal ADHD increases the risk of AD by 15%
So far, there has not been a large-scale longitudinal study to explore this potential connection, because such a study requires a long period of follow-up from the diagnosis of ADHD to the diagnosis of AD in the elderly
Diagnosis A review of a meta-analysis identified seven modifiable risk factors related to dementia, including diabetes , middle-aged hypertension, lack of exercise, depression, smoking, and low education are all consequences of ADHD
GWAS
Researchers used the Swedish National Register to link national cohorts (index people) born between 1980 and 2001 with their biological relatives (parents, grandparents, uncles/aunts), and used the Cox model to study intergenerational associations
Among the relatives of 2,132,929 indexers, 3042 parents, 171,732 grandparents, and 1,369 uncles/aunts were diagnosed with AD
Compared with parents of indexers without ADHD, parents of ADHD patients have a 55% increased risk of AD (HR=1.
These associations weakened with the decrease in genetic relationship, but the association between grandparents and AD still increased by 11% (HR=1.
Test procedure
Estimates stratified by parental attributes
Mothers of ADHD patients (1.
In the three relatives cohort, the relationship between ADHD and AD and any dementia
Among grandparents and uncles/aunts, this association has weakened, but still increased
In summary, ADHD has a cross-generational relationship with AD and any dementia
In summary, ADHD has a cross-generational relationship with AD and any dementia
references:
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and Alzheimer's disease and any dementia: A multi-generation cohort study in Sweden.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and Alzheimer's disease and any dementia: A multi-generation cohort study in Sweden.
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