Alien invasive species threaten biodiversity in China

Introduction: the head of the State Environmental Protection Administration warned that invasive species are becoming one of the important factors threatening the biodiversity and ecological environment of China Relevant data show that the economic losses caused by invasive species in the United States, India and South Africa are respectively over 150 billion US dollars, over 130 billion US dollars and over 80 billion US dollars each year, and China also loses tens of billion yuan each year Alien invasive species refer to the species introduced from the natural distribution area through intentional or unintentional human activities, formed self regeneration ability in the local natural or semi natural ecosystem, and caused obvious damage or impact to the local ecosystem or landscape According to KCI, alien species successfully invade through two ways: one is for the purpose of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery production, ecological environment construction, ecological protection, etc., and then evolved into invasive species (intentional introduction); the other is with the activities of trade, transportation, tourism, etc (unintentional introduction) The global economic integration makes the international trade more and more frequent The vigorous development of modern advanced means of transportation and tourism creates conditions for the long-distance migration, dissemination and diffusion of foreign invasion to the new environment Alien species have become one of the serious global environmental problems It is the most important factor that leads to the loss of local and global biodiversity besides environmental loss According to incomplete statistics, there are 107 species and 75 genera of alien weeds in China, mainly including peanuts, Eupatorium adenophorum and ragweed Among them, 62 kinds of alien weeds are intentionally introduced as forage, forage, vegetable, ornamental plant, medicinal plant, greening plant, etc., accounting for 58% of the total weeds; 32 kinds of main alien pests are introduced into China, such as American white moth and pine scale; 23 kinds of main alien pathogens are introduced, such as sweet potato black spot pathogen and cotton Fusarium wilt pathogen Alien species have caused great harm to the ecological environment, biodiversity and social economy of our country, mainly reflected in: KCI 1) causing serious ecological damage and biological pollution Most of the alien species break out after the successful invasion, the growth is difficult to control, which causes irreversible damage to the ecosystem and serious biological pollution Water hyacinth originated from South America, is widely distributed in rivers, lakes and ponds in North, East, central and most provinces of South China In the 1000 hectare Dianchi Lake, the water hyacinth grows into a disaster, covering the water surface, seriously damaging the structure and function of the aquatic ecosystem, resulting in the death of a large number of aquatic animals and plants KCI 2) leads to the loss of biodiversity Alien invasive species form a single dominant population by suppressing or crowding out local species, endangering the survival of local species, leading to species disappearance and extinction Eupatorium adenophorum, which originated from Mexico to Costa Rica, is widely distributed in most areas of Southwest China In its occurrence area, it always appears as a single excellent plant community full of mountains and fields, which leads to the decline and disappearance of the original plant community KCI 3) ecological disasters occur frequently Under suitable ecological and climatic conditions, alien species grow crazily, and ecological disasters break out frequently, causing serious damage to agriculture and forestry In recent years, the area of forest invasive pests such as pine wood nematode, slash pine mealybug, pine cone scale and American white moth is about 1.5 million ha / year; the area of rice water weevil, American Liriomyza melanogaster, potato beetle and African snail is 1.4 million-1.6 million ha / year; ragweed, Eupatorium adenophorum and fly Machine grass, Mikania micrantha, Alternanthera philoxeroides, water hyacinth, rice grass and other wanton spread, has reached an uncontrollable situation According to a conservative estimate, the economic loss of agriculture and forestry caused by the main invasive species in China is 57.4 billion yuan per year on average Therefore, we must attach great importance to the problem of alien invasive species KCI 4) is a threat to human health Alien invasive species not only bring huge losses to the ecological environment and national economy, but also directly threaten human health Ragweed and ragweed are distributed in 15 provinces of northeast, north, East and central China The pollen produced by ragweed is the main pathogen of human pollen hypersensitivity, which can cause hay fever KCI Relevant experts suggest that, in order to prevent foreign harmful species from entering China, priority should be given to the following work: establishing and improving relevant laws and regulations, strengthening the safety management of unintentional and intentional introduction of alien invasive species; carrying out nationwide survey of alien invasive species, finding out the species, quantity, distribution and role of alien species from China, establishing alien species database; analyzing The impact of alien species on China's ecosystem and species, the establishment of alien species risk assessment index system, risk assessment methods and risk management procedures that pose a threat to ecosystem, environment or species, the gradual establishment and improvement of a highly efficient alien invasive species monitoring system, the strengthening of the publicity and education of the harmfulness of alien invasive species, and the improvement of the awareness of prevention of alien invasive species Strengthen the training of alien invasive species identification, control technology, risk assessment technology and risk management measures KCI