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Picture: The circular evolutionary tree shows the changes in the skull growth and related chewing organs of juvenile (inner ring) and adult (outer ring) primate skulls
.
The study included apes and humans (blue arrows), Central and South American monkeys (pink arrows), Asian and African monkeys (green arrows), lemurs and slow loris (yellow arrows)
Image credit: H.
Glowacka and GT Schwartz
Six, twelve, eighteen
.
At this age, most people have three molars or molars in the back of the mouth
Humans are unusual primates
.
We are very smart, very social, very resourceful, capable learners, and skilled teachers, so we are an extraordinary evolutionary success story
A dental feature closely related to growth rate and life history is the age at which our adult molars cross the gum line
.
For decades, evolutionary anthropologists have been using a very close relationship-this relationship exists in all primates-between the speed at which adult molars enter the mouth and the overall rhythm of life
Halszka Glowacka, the lead author and assistant professor at the University of Arizona Phoenix School of Medicine, said: "A mystery in the development of human biology is how the precise synchronization between the appearance of the molar tooth and the life history is produced, and how it is regulated
.
"
Glovaka and paleoanthropologist Gary Schwartz published their research this week and provided the first clear answer-a researcher at the Institute of Human Origins, a researcher at the School of Human Evolution and Social Change It is the coordination between facial growth and chewing muscles that determines when and where the adult molars appear
.
Only when enough "mechanical safety" space is created, this subtle dance will lead to the growth of molars
In this study, Glovaka and Schwartz created a 3D biomechanical model of the skull, including nearly 24 different kinds of primates, from small lemurs to gorillas, each of which chewed each majorly during the entire growth process.
The attachment position of the muscle
.
When combining the details of the mandibular growth rate of these species, their comprehensive model revealed the precise spatial relationship and time synchronization of each new molar in the context of the growth and mobile chewing system
The author points out that this study establishes two things-it convincingly proves that it is the precise biomechanical relationship between the growing face and the growing chewing muscles that leads to a close relationship between tooth development and life history.
A predictive relationship, it reveals that the delayed appearance of molars in our species is the result of the evolution of overall slow growth, plus short chins and retracted faces-these faces are located under our skulls
.
Their research shows that the growth rate of the upper jaw and the length and protrusion of the upper jaw in adulthood determine the appearance of molars
.
Modern humans are special among primates because of our long growing and contracting faces and short dentistry
"It turns out that our jaws grow very slowly, probably due to our overall slowing down of life history, combined with our short faces, delaying being a mechanically safe space-or "sweet spot"-if you want, we are late.
Causes age to appear in Moore," Schwartz said
.
Glovaka said: "This research provides a powerful new perspective through which we can observe the long-known connection between tooth development, skull growth and mature contours
.
"
The researchers plan to apply their model to human skull fossils to answer questions about when our ancestor fossils first showed delayed mandibular growth and delayed molar tooth development
.
They are also aware that the methods adopted in this study may have an impact on clinical dentistry
.
Glovaka pointed out that because the molars appear when the face is developed to a certain level and appear in the best position, “the finer details of the model can be explored in more samples to help understand human impacted wisdom teeth.
Phenomenon
.
"
Magazine
Scientific progress
Methodological research
Data/statistical analysis
Subject of research
not applicable
Article title
A biomechanical perspective on the emergence of molars and the life history of primates
Article publication date
6-October-2021
