A series of progress in Chemical Research of Coffea arabica in Yunnan

As one of the most popular drinks in the world, coffee's composition and physiological function have been the focus of scientists all over the world As the world's largest emerging coffee consumer market, China has attracted a large number of investors' attention, and also promoted the rapid development of the planting and processing industry of Yunnan Plateau Characteristic Agricultural coffee According to incomplete statistics, in 2017 / 2018, the planting area of Yunnan arabica coffee reached 1.8 million mu, and the annual output of Yunnan arabica coffee reached 164700 tons, accounting for 1.7% of the world's coffee production in the same period, accounting for more than 99% of China's coffee production What is not in proportion to the huge production and consumption of coffee in China is the lack of research on the continuous excavation of natural active functional molecules in Yunnan coffee, especially the research on the chemical composition and function of Yunnan small grains, which is still blank except for routine analysis Qiu Minghua research group, natural medicine new drug research and development team of Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, has conducted in-depth chemical composition research on Yunnan Coffea arabica fruits and seeds, established a technical system for rapid analysis of chemical composition of coffee by NMR; more than 40 new natural chemical structures have been developed from various coffee samples in Yunnan production area, opening up some new research on chemical composition of coffee around the world Research on the intrinsic relationship between flavor characteristics and chemical components of coffee is under way 1 The new diterpenoid glycosides in Yunnan small coffee beans refer to the roasted coffee seeds, which are ground, brewed and filtered to obtain coffee drinks The chemical studies on the extracts of Yunnan Coffea arabica from Puer showed that the diterpenoids in the mature beans were mostly in the form of glycosides, and four new enantiomeric kaurane diterpenoid glycosides were found At the same time, it is the first time to find a small number of diterpenoid glycosides in nature, which enrich people's understanding of the diterpenoids in coffee beans However, these compounds have no inhibitory activity on HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, MCF-7 and sw4805 tumor cell lines The research results were published in Journal of agricultural and Food Chemistry (2014, 62:2631-2637) under the title of characterization of diterpenoid glucosides in roasted Puer coffee beans 2 The discovery of a new type of coffee diterpenoid lactone in Yunnan Coffea arabica is a diterpene component in coffee Generally, there is a tetrahydrofuran in A-ring of diterpene It is found that there is an a, B unsaturated g-lactone in the A-ring of 8 caffeinated diterpenoids in Yunnan Coffea arabica, and a new caffeinated diterpenoid lactone is isolated from coffee for the first time There are a large number of fatty acid lipids 1-8 (Fig 2) of new type of coffee diterpenoid lactone in Yunnan arabica bean The fatty acids in compound 1-8 were identified by GC analysis except for NMR Among these coffee diterpenoid lactones, compounds 3, 4 and 6 showed certain platelet aggregation activity in vitro At the concentration of 0.4mg/ml, the induction rates were 11.4%, 15.8% and 7.8%, respectively The structures and activities of these compounds were identified from green Arabica coffee beans, and their platelet aggregation accelerating activities, published in food chemistry 2018263251 257 3 The discovery of new diterpenoids and coffee diterpenoid lactones in Yunnan Coffea arabica fruit 37 chemical components were isolated and identified from the coffee fruit (solarization bean) of Yunnan Coffea arabica dr132 (yellow fruit), 5 of which were new diterpenoids (Fig 3) Caffruenol A-B (1-2) is a new diterpenoid with 18 and 19 methyl groups rearranged to Δ (4, 18), which has never been reported In addition to the new coffee diterpenoid alcohols, six new coffee diterpenoid lactones, including three new compounds (3-5), were isolated from coffee, which confirmed the existence of diterpenoid lipid diterpenes in Yunnan Coffea arabica At present, there is no report on the chemical constituents of caffeinated diterpenoid lactone in other countries and regions Whether caffeinated diterpenoid lactone is one of the components with comparative characteristics of Yunnan Coffea arabica needs comparative study The above research results were recently published in fitoterapia 2019132:7-11 (DOI: 10.1016 / j.fitote 2018.08.023) 4 Four new dammarane triterpenoids (caffruones) were also found in the dried fruit (solarized bean) of the Yellow skinned Coffea variety, dre132 (dr132), which was independently selected by Dehong Institute of Thermal Sciences of Yunnan Province A – d), which is the first time that tetracyclic triterpenoids have been found in coffee plants (Fig 5), indicating the structural diversity and rich molecular resources of secondary metabolites in Yunnan Coffea arabica The research results were published in natural products and bioprospecting, 2018, 8:413-418 The research project of chemical composition and activity of Yunnan Coffea arabica was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (no.31670364), Yunnan key new product plan (2015bb002), special fund of Pu'er City (2017), Qiu Minghua expert workstation project (2018) and national key office of Phytochemistry open fund project (p2015-zz09) These results lay a foundation for the rapid development of coffee industry in China.