A selection of Lancet research highlights on April 18, 2020

1Gixithabin-Platinum Chemotherapy for the late-stage epithelial skin cancerDOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0146/S0146-6736 (20)30415-3is rare and pre-conditioned than bladder ontheuliopath cancer (UTUCS)Researchers recently conducted a POUT study to assess the efficacy of systemic platinum chemotherapy in UTUCs patientsUTUC patients after renal ureter removal, randomly received 4 cycles of 21 days of chemotherapy or controlThe chemotherapy regimen is for intravenous lysines (70 mg/m2) or carplatinum (patients with glomerular filtration rate of 50 mL/min only) on day 1 and receive intravenous injections of Gixitabin (1000 mg/m2)The main endpoint of the study was disease-free survivalOf 261 participants, 132 patients underwent chemotherapy, 129 were monitored and the median follow-up was 30.3 monthsComplementary chemotherapy significantly improved the patient's disease-free survival rate (risk ratio of 0.45)The three-year incident-free rate of complementary chemotherapy and monitoring was 71% and 46%, respectivelyOf the 126 subjects who received chemotherapy, 55 (44%) had acute level 3 or more sudden adverse events, consistent with common adverse events in chemotherapy regimensOf the 129 patients monitored, 5 (4 per cent) had acute level 3 or above emergency adverse events and no treatment-related deaths were reported2: All-oral treatment of Buruli ulcerDOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736 (20) 30047-7The bacterio-bacteria ulcer is a tropical disease caused by mycobacterium ulcer infection, which can cause skin and subcutaneous damage, most commonly in West Africa, Central Africa and Australia Oral rifampin 10mg/kg- intramuscular injection 15mg/kg streptomycin, once daily, lasts 8 weeks (RS8) as a standard antibacterial treatment regimen, but due to potential adverse reactions to streptomycin injection Recently, researchers examined the efficacy of all-oral lifupin and clathromycin for 8 weeks (RC8) patients are 5 years of age or older and have typical symptoms of buralys ulcers, with lesions no more than 10 cm in diameter The main clinical endpoint of the study was 52 weeks after the onset of antimicrobial therapy, when lesions heal (i.e., complete epithelial or stable scars) without recurrence 310 patients participated in the study, with an average age of 14 years, 153 (52%) women 297 participants were confirmed by PCR as Buruli ulcer, 151 (51%) received RS8 treatment and 146 (49%) received oral RC8 treatment In the RS8 group, 144 (95%) lesions of 151 patients in the RC8 group healed, while 140 (96%) of 146 patients in the RC8 group had their disease healed, with a difference of -0.5% between groups, indicating that RC8 treatment was not inferior to RS8 treatment in 52 weeks of lesions healing Twenty (13%) patients treated with RS8 and 9 (7%) patients treated with RC8 developed adverse treatment-related events, most of which were 1-2 levels, but one (1%) of patients treated with RS8 developed severe ear toxicity and ended after 6 weeks No patients needed surgical removal, and 4 patients (2 in each study group) underwent skin transplants 3: Pepper-based stylone-containing long-lasting insecticide-treated mosquito nets can effectively reduce the risk of malaria transmission in areas with high resistance to chrysanthemums
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736 (20) 30214-2 long-lasting insecticide-treated mosquito nets (LLIN) is an important tool for malaria prevention, but its effectiveness is reduced due to acetate resistance Researchers recently examined the effects of LLINs containing the pyrethroid pyrethroid pepper-based ether (PBO) 49 health districts in Uganda accept ediphons containing PBO LLIN (31 received PermaNet 3.0 and 18 receive Olyset Plus), and 52 health zones receive regular LLIns (39 received PermaNet 2.0 and 13 receive Olyset Net) At 6 months, the prevalence of parasites in the PBO group was 11% (386/3614) and the non-PBO group was 15% (556/3844, with the prevalence rate (PR) adjusted to a baseline value of 0.74) The prevalence of intergroup parasites was similar in the 12th month (11% vs 13% ;PR0.73) and 18th month (12% vs 14% ;PR: 0.84) acalabrutinib's first-line treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia has a significant DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736 (20) 30262-2 Acalabrutinib is an alternative Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor with the active activity of treating chronic lymphocytic leukemia The researchers looked at the efficacy of Acalabrutinib in the treatment of patients with chronic lymphoblastic leukemia, either jointly or not with obinutuzumab 535 untreated patients participated in the study, of which 179 were treated with acalabrutinib-obinutuzumab, 179 were treated with acalabrutinib monodrug and 177 were treated with obinutuzumab-chlorambucil The median follow-up was 28.3 months, compared to obinutuzumab-chlorambucil, and acalabuuzumab and acalabrutinib single-drug therapy had a progression-free median survival (both 22.6 months) Acalabrutinib-obinutuzumab, acalabrutinib monodrug therapy and obinutuzumab-chloroambumab had progression-free survival rates of 93%, 87% and 47% at 24 months, respectively The most common level 3 or higher adverse events in each group were neutrophil decline (53 out of 178 cases in the acalabuib-obinutuzumab group, 17 out of 179 cases in the acalabrutinib group, and 70 cases in the 169 cases in the obinutuzumab-chlorombbuc group Acalabrutinib-obinuturezumab (24 out of 178 patients) had a less than a full-stage infusion response compared to obinutuzumab-chlorambucil (67 out of 169 patients) 37 (21%) patients treated with acalabrutinib-obinutuzumab, 25 (14%) patients treated with acarutinib monodrug, and 14 (8%) patients treated with obinutuzumab-chlorambucil had a level 3 or higher infection Eight (4%) patients taking acalabrutinib-obinutuzumab, 12 (7%) patients taking acalabrutinib, and 15 (9%) patients taking obinutuzumab-chlorambucil died Source: MedSci Original