A new feed additive -- yucca extract

As a new type of green feed additive, silk orchid extract can improve the environment of livestock and poultry breeding, promote the growth of animals, improve the quality of animal products and reduce the incidence of animal diseases In this paper, the active components, physiological functions and application effect in animal culture of yucca extract were studied The purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical basis for the promotion and application of yucca extract At present, there are two kinds of products on the market: liquid and solid powder Among them, the liquid silk orchid extract is a kind of squeezed concentrated silk orchid juice, without any carrier There are also two kinds of solid powders At present, most of them are made by spraying the silk orchid press juice on the carrier and then drying it The other one is made by directly drying and grinding the silk orchid into powder products without carrier and containing all the active ingredients of silk orchid The main active components of yucca extract: yucca extract can be related to many biological functional components of yucca extract Its main active components include: Yucca saponin, polysaccharide, resveratrol and linfenglan polyphenol Silk orchid saponin is the most important active component of silk orchid extract, and also the most clear component Saponin contains one lipophilic group as sapogenin, and one or more hydrophilic carbohydrate chains It is a natural surfactant or emulsifier, which is conducive to the emulsification of oil, promotes the digestion and absorption of glycerin ester, and improves the utilization rate of oil The hydrophobic part of saponin is linked with the hydrophobic group of cholesterol in the mucosal layer cells in the way of micro cluster superposition, forming a complex to affect the permeability of intestinal cells In a similar way, saponins also have antigenic activity By binding cholesterol to protozoa cell membrane, they destroy the integrity of protozoa cell membrane and lead to cell lysis Polysaccharide Polysaccharide, especially the functional oligosaccharide formed by the connection of multiple monosaccharides through glycosidic bond, is an important active component in the extract of silk orchid, which is not digested by the digestive enzyme secreted by the animals themselves, enters the hind part of the intestine as a chemical probiotic to promote the growth and reproduction of beneficial bacteria, effectively inhibit the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria, and maintain the stable structure of the intestinal microflora, Promote intestinal health In addition, as a nutrient, polysaccharide can be decomposed and utilized by probiotics such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium It can also be combined with ammonia molecules in the gut It can be fully utilized as the nitrogen source of intestinal microbial fermentation At the same time, it can effectively regulate the acid-base balance of the gut, improve the activity of digestive enzymes, and improve the utilization rate of nutrients such as protein, vitamin and mineral There are two unique polyphenols, resveratrol and Impatiens polyphenol, which have strong binding ability to amino groups Therefore, it is speculated that these two polyphenols in the extract of Yucca may also have the ability to reduce ammonia gas Resveratrol has a significant anti infection effect As a signal molecule, nitric oxide (no) plays an important role in the physiological functions of immune regulation and nerve transmission, but too much no is cellular, accompanied by inflammation Marzocco et al Showed that the polyphenols of silk orchid could inhibit the expression of iNOS NF - K B is a transcription factor that can regulate the expression of iNOS gene Therefore, serine polyphenols play a strong anti infective role by inhibiting NF - κ B activity The main physiological application of silk orchid extract: to reduce the emission of ammonia gas, ammonia gas accounts for a large proportion of the odor gas produced by animal manure and urine in the farm, and it and highly toxic hydrogen sulfide are the main odor index gas in the farm The production of ammonia in feces is mainly due to the fact that undigested nutrients (especially sulfur-containing amino acids) are discharged with feces, and a large amount of ammonia and sulfur hydrogen are produced by microbial fermentation; while the production of ammonia in urine is due to the role of urease, which makes ammonia escape from urea in a large amount The urea produced by the metabolism of protein and amino acid in the intestine will also produce ammonia gas under the action of urease These intestinal ammonia can damage the epithelial tissue, affect the physiological metabolism of mucosal cells, destroy the normal intestinal flora composition, break the intestinal acid-base balance, reduce the intestinal digestive enzyme activity, and ultimately affect the digestion and absorption of feed At present, a large number of studies have reported that the active ingredients in yucca extract can reduce the production of ammonia in feces and urine and intestines, and improve the utilization rate of nitrogen in feed At present, the mechanism of action has not been determined The possible mechanisms are as follows: Sericulture extract can reduce the production of ammonia by inhibiting urease activity Many studies have reported that the extract of silk orchid is a urease inhibitor Silk orchid extract has the ability to combine ammonia directly Bugle et al Reported that the macromolecules and sequence molecules in the extract of silk orchid have the ability to adsorb ammonia Polyphenols and ammonia molecules in the ingredients also have strong binding capacity to reduce the emission of ammonia The extract of silk orchid can promote microorganism to make use of the ammonia gas in the intestine to form microbial protein, and the nitride formed by the combination of polysaccharide and ammonia gas can also be fully utilized by intestinal microorganism, so as to reduce the quality concentration of ammonia gas and improve the utilization rate of nitrogen in feed Silk orchid extract can also prevent the nitrification of nitrogen in feces and urine, so that nitrogen exists in the form of inorganic matter, thus reducing the amount of ammonia released into the atmosphere The regulation of intestinal microenvironment is a very complex environment Nutrients, physical and chemical environment and microbial flora are in a dynamic balance process, which can ensure the efficient digestion and absorption of nutrients Once the balance is broken, the animals will have various digestive problems Ammonia is a kind of alkalescent gas, which is an important factor to affect the intestinal balance Silk orchid extract reduces the content of ammonia in the intestine, maintains the acid-base balance of the intestine, provides suitable pH conditions for digestive enzymes to play the highest active role, and promotes the digestion and absorption of nutrients The saponins in the extract of silk orchid can change the structure of intestinal villi and the thickness of mucosa, increase the absorption area of nutrients, and form complex with cholesterol on the membrane of intestinal epithelial cells, so as to eliminate it and increase the intestinal mucosa Saponins can also combine with compounds similar to cholesterol structure on the surface of bacteria, increase the permeability of bacterial cell wall and cell membrane, increase the secretion of exogenous enzymes, degrade the macromolecules around bacteria, and make the absorption of nutrients faster In addition, silk orchid saponin affects the phagocytosis of protozoa on bacteria through its inhibition on intestinal protozoa, which increases the number of fibrinolytic bacteria in the intestinal tract, and is more conducive to the fermentation and degradation of cellulose in the later digestive tract Bacteriostatic effect According to China's Applied Pharmacology records: sericin has a broad-spectrum antibacterial effect, and it has a strong inhibition on hemolytic Staphylococcus aureus, hemolytic streptococcus, pneumococcus, dysentery, typhoid bacillus, paratyphoid bacillus, Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli, proteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, pertussis bacillus and their common pathogenic skin fungi Wallace et al Found that the effect of saponins on rumen bacteria in pure culture was species selective, and the effect on Gram-positive bacteria was much greater than that on negative bacteria It was also pointed out that the concentration of saponins was 1-10 mg / L, which could inhibit the growth of S.bovis and s.dysenteriae The content of E.coli in the cecum of 21 day old broilers was significantly decreased by adding sericin in the diet, but the content of Lactobacillus in the cecum was increased but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05) The extract of silk orchid also has a certain inhibitory effect on fungi Silk orchid extract can inhibit the growth of Candida prion and Pichia pastoris In vitro, it can stimulate the proliferation of immune cells, increase the content of CD4 + in the blood, reduce the content of CD8 +, and improve the titer of Newcastle disease antibody At present, many scholars have put forward many views on the specific mechanism of action of yucca extract in promoting the function of the immune system: kensil et al Reported that saponins can induce the production of cytokines such as insulin and interferon, so as to mediate their immune stimulating response; it may also interact with antigen-presenting cells to induce the occurrence of immune response; It has been reported that silk orchid saponin can enhance the immune response by increasing the intake of antigens in intestinal mucosa, and can form complex with antigens to avoid the digestion and degradation of antigens Hypoglycemic, cholesterol lowering and antioxidant effects of yucca extract can reduce blood glucose and cholesterol content, and has the effect of antioxidant stress FIDAN et al Took diabetic mice as the test object, and found that silk orchid powder can reduce the blood glucose content of diabetic mice, the blood cholesterol and triacylglycerol also significantly decreased, and also reduce the DNA damage of monocytes Cigerci and other research results showed that the components in silk orchid can reduce the hemoglobin, malondialdehyde content in blood and tissues and nitrogen oxide content in tissues, increase the glutathione content in blood and tissues, improve the antioxidant capacity of poisoned mice, and fully protect the body from oxidative damage and complications caused by nitrite poisoning Xi'an Lvtian Biotechnology Co., Ltd has cooperated with a number of farms and core feed production enterprises and made experimental summary As a natural and green plant additive, silk orchid extract can not only be used as deodorant, reduce the emission of harmful gases in livestock houses, improve the breeding environment, but also promote the growth and development of animals, improve the immune function of the body and reduce the incidence of diseases, Improving the quality of animal products without any toxic components, no toxic, no adverse reactions, no pollution and no residue, has a broad development prospect in animal husbandry.