A compound - the basic concept of a compound

NetworkChapter V Lithing
Compounds Lithing Compounds referred to as compounds, also known as enses, is a very wide range and important compounds. With the development of science and technology, it shows more and more important significance in scientific research and production practice. For example, chlorophyrophyte, which acts as a co-hydrant in plant growth, is a magnesium-containing mate; hemolybin, which transports oxygen in human and animal blood, is a mate containing ferrous iron;
Vitamin
B12 is a cobalt-containing mate; and molecules of various enzymes (biocatalysts) in the human body contain almost all metal elements that exist in a matching state. Therefore, it is also necessary to learn the basic knowledge about the mates.The basic concept of the first section of the compound I, the definition of the compound if ammonia is added to the copper sulfate solution, the first can obtain light blue alkaline copper sulfate (Cu (OH)2) SO4 precipitation, continue to add ammonia, then the precipitation dissolves and obtains a deep blue solution. Apparently, due to the addition of excess ammonia, some reaction has occurred between the NH3 molecule and cu2 plus ions.the study, the dark blue complex ions (Cu (NH3)4) 2 plus were produced in the above solution. Dark blue so4 crystals can also be crystallization from the solution. This indicates that the CuSO4 solution reacts with excess ammonia: theor ion equationis known to be NaCN, KCN is highly toxic, but potassium iron cyanide (K4 (FE(CN)6)) and potassium cyanide (K3 (CN)6)) both contain cyanide, but are not toxic because iron ions or iron ions bind to cyanide ions into firm complex ions, lost their original properties.A complex particle with a certain characteristic, consisting of an cation (e.g. Cu2 plus or Fe3 plus) and several neutral molecules (e.g. NH3) or anion (e.g. CN-) with a price bond, which has an electrical charge called a distribution ion or a complex ion, and its non-charged mate molecule or complex molecule. A compound that cooperates with molecules or contains ions is called a compound. For example: (Cu(NH3)4) SO4, K4 (FE(CN)6),, K3 (FE(CN)6), K2 (HgI4), "Ag (NH3)2" NO3, "Pt (NH3)2CL4", "Co (NH3) 5 (H2O)" CL3, etc. are all mates.II, the composition of the complex(i) central ions central ions are also known as the formation of the complex, it is the core part of the complex, located in the center of the distribution ions (or molecules), are generally positively charged, with empty price electron orbit of the cation. For example, in the example above, Cu2 plus, Fe3 plus, Pt4 plus, etc. The largest number of central ions are metal ions. The transition metal ions are strong complexes.(ii) lithosomescalled lithosomes by ions (or molecules) that cooperate with central ions in the matching ions. A mating body is a molecule or anion that contains a lone pair of electrons, and an atom that binds directly to a central ion is called a mating atom. The mating atoms belong mainly to the three main family elements of V., VI. and VII. in the periodic table. A mating body may contain more than one mating atom.can generally be divided into internal and external components. The inner boundary of the central ion and the mating body composition complex is generally represented by square brackets in the chemical form of the complex, and the part other than square brackets is the outside world. For example, in The Cu (NH3)4 SO4, four NH3s and one Cu2 plus make up the inner bound, and one SO2-4 is the outside world. In K3(CN)6, six CN-s and one F3-plus make up the inner boundary, and three K-pluss are the outside world.two NH3s, four CL-s, and Pt4 plus are in the inner bound in the Pt (NH3) CL4, which has no outside world.the number of mating atoms contained, can be divided into single-toothed and multi-toothed mating. There is only one liing atom with a central ion liation, called a single-tooth (or price) lithum, such as F-, CL-, Br-, I-, CN-, NO-2, NO-3, NH3, H2O, etc. There are more than two mating atoms at the same time with a central ion mating body, collectively referred to as multi-toothed media, such as ethyl amine H2N-CH2-CH2-NH2, there are two amino nitrogen is the mating atom. For example, in 2N-CH2-CH2-N (CH2-COO-)2, in addition to two amino nitrogen is a mating atom, there are four hydroxyoxygens are also mating atoms.Common matings are now included in Table 5-1.table 5-1 Common ligands location atoms ligands examples halogens F-, CL-, Br-, I-O H2O, RCOO-, C2O2-4 (grass acid ions) N NH3, NO (NO) Nitro), NH2-CH2-CH2-NH2 (ethyl amine) C CN-(cyanide ion) S SCN-(thiocyanide ion) (iii) number of mating atoms bounded with central ions in the inner bound, called the number of distributions of central ions. The distribution of general central ions is 2,4,6,8. The most common are tables 4 and 6 (Tables 5-2) Table 5-2 Common Ions Distributions Numbers Ions 2 Ag plus, Cu2 plus, Au s 4 Zn2 plus, Cu2 plus, Hg2 plus, Ni2 plus, Co2 plus, Pt2 plus, Pd2 plus, Si4 plus, Ba2 plus 6 Fe2 plus, Fe2 plus, Fe2 plus, Fe2 plus, Fe2 plus Co3 plus, Cr3 plus, Pt4 plus, Pd4 plus, Al3 plus, Si4 plus, Ca2 plus, Ir3 plus 8 Mo4 plus, W4 plus, Ca2 plus, Ba2 plus, Pb2 plus ions in calculating the number of central ions in the mating, and then find out the number of distribution atoms. If the mating body is mono-toothed, the number of mating bodies is the number of ions in the center. For example, the central ions in Pt (NH3) 4, Cl2 and Pt (NH3) 2Cl2 are both Pt2 plus, while the lithosomes NH3 and Cl--, these lites are mono-toothed, so their mating bits are both 4. if the liant is multi-toothed, the number of liants is obviously not equal to the number of number of central ions (see chelate section). (iv) the charge of the distribution ions (or the complex ions the charge of the distribution ions is equal to the algegeon of the central ion charge and the charge of the liing body. s.c.(NH3)4) 2 plus 2 plus 4×0 s.2 s.F.CN 6 s.3 s.6× (-1)-3 s.F.CN 6 s.4- s.2 s. 6× (-1) s.-4 The naming method of the -mate is named from the general inorganic principle: the× anion name is in front of, the cation name is in the back, when the ion is cation, the external anion is acid root, and when the ion is an ion, the ion is acid root. When named, the acid root is a simple ion when called "a certain", the acid root is a complex ion when called "a certain acid." When naming a matching ion, add a "fit" word between the name of the forming body and the ligand, and list the names of its components in the following order. The number of lithosomes - lithosome names - "healing" - forming body names - forms body price states (expressed in Roman numerals). Sometimes the word "one" can be omitted when the number of places is one. Roman numerals may also be not filled if the forming body has only one price state. If there is more than one mating body in the inner bound, the anion mating body is named first and the neutral molecular mating body is the second. For several different anion-composed ligands, the order of naming is simple anions - complex anions -
organic
acid root ions. For ligands made up of several neutral molecules, the order of naming is simple anion-complex anion-organic acid root ion. For the mating bodies of several neutral molecules, the order of naming is: water-ammonia-organic molecules. number of mating bodies is expressed in one, two, three, and so on. the price state of the central ions are expressed in I., II., III, etc. for example: (Cu (NH3)4) 2 plus four ammonia copper (II.) ions (FE(CN)6) 3- hexa cyanide iron (III.) ions ions are a complement of cations: