2020 End-of-Year Tribute: Interpretation of Important Research Results in the Field of Aging!

-Nature: Revealing a new mechanism to prevent premature aging of cells doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2815-6 It is well known that molecules that accumulate at the end of chromosomes play a key role in preventing DNA damage.
Now, in a new study, researchers from the Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, Switzerland, have revealed how these molecules target specific parts of the chromosome--- a finding that may help better understand the processes that regulate cell survival in aging and cancer, the study was published recently in the journal Nature.
as metal ornaments at both ends of the shoelace prevent wear at the ends of the shoelaces, DNA fragments called telomeres form protective caps at the ends of chromosomes.
but as the cells divide, the telomeres become shorter and shorter, which makes the protective cap less effective.
once the telomeres become too short, the cells stop dividing.
telomere shortening and disemfunity are associated with cell aging and age-related diseases, including cancer.
have known that an RNA molecule called TERRA helps regulate the length and function of telomeres.
2007, Claus Azzalin, a postdoctoral researcher on Professor Joachim Lingner's research team at the Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, discovered TERRA, a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) that does not express proteins but works as a structural component of chromosomes.
TERRA accumulates at the end of the chromosome, signaling that telomeres should be elongated or repaired.
photo source: University of Basel, Biozentrum ( 6 ) Nat Commun: New Use of Repamycin! Or can inhibit the body's aging-related muscular atrophy and inhibit the occurrence of amyopathy doi:10.1038/s41467-020-18140-1 With the increase of life expectancy in humans, the incidence of age-related diseases is also increasing, including muscle In a recent study published in the international journal Nature Communications, scientists from institutions such as the University of Basel found that a common drug, repamycin, may slow the progression of age-related muscle weakness.
Even at the peak of human energy, the body's muscles begin to atrophy and become less strong, which unfortunately is a natural process of aging, and for some people, the decline in muscle mass and function is excessive, affecting every two or three individuals over the age of 80, and reducing the body's ability to move, autonomy and quality of life.
There are a number of causes of myocardial dystrophy, from changes in muscle metabolism to changes in nerves that support muscle function, the researchers found that mTORC1 may help promote myocardial dystrophy, while the well-known drug repamycin inhibits and slows age-related muscle atrophy.
. Sci Adv: New therapies can reverse aging doi:10.1126/sciadv.aaw7824 In a recent study, researchers from KAIST were able to increase or decrease the life span of organisms by altering protein activity in fo worm cells, which offers interesting possibilities for developing longevity drugs.
the new findings were recently published in the journal Science Advance.
working in series in VRK-1 and AMPK in-line worm cells, the former by activating the latter and attaching phosphate molecules consisting of phosphorus and four oxygen atoms.
, when cells are low in energy, AMPK's role is to monitor energy levels in cells.
, VRK-1 regulates AMPK, while AMPK regulates cellular energy states.
using a range of different biological research tools, including the introduction of an external gene into the worm, a team of researchers led by Professor Seung-Jae V. Lee of the KAIST Department of Biological Sciences was able to increase and decrease the activity of the gene.
study lead author Sangsoon Park and colleagues confirmed that increased over-expression or yield of the VRK-1 protein can extend the life of the worm and shorten its life by inhibiting the activity of VRK-1.
team found that mitochondrial respiration decreased at low cellular energy levels, which in turn increased the activity of the VRK-1 to AMPK cell energy monitoring process.
: Scientists discover two ways in which the body ages and provide new insights to effectively promote longevity in the body Doi:10.1126/science.aax9552, a study published in the international journal Science entitled "A programmable fate decision landscaped underl" In their study, scientists from the University of California and others studied the key mechanisms behind the body's aging mystery, and the researchers found two different pathways through which cells travel during the aging process, while deing out a new way to genetically program these processes to extend the body's lifespan.
Our human lifespan is determined by the aging of the body's cells, and to understand whether different cells age at the same rate and for the same reason, the researchers studied the aging of brewing yeast, a manoeuverable model used to study the mechanisms of aging, including skin and stem cells.
The researchers found that cells that carry the same genetic material and are in the same environment age in very different ways, and that their fate unfolds through different molecular and cellular trajectories, using microflowers, computer models, and other techniques, and that about half of the cells age as the stability of the nuclei of the cells decreases, a particular area of the nucleic DNA in which they synthesize key parts of the protein factory, compared with the other half of the cells that age due to mitochondrial disorders.
: Exercise makes the liver produce anti-aging proteins! The blood of the moving individual can make the brain younger! doi:10.1126/science.aaw2622 It is well known that exercise can make thinking sharper: exerciser and mice perform better on cognitive tests, and older people who exercise regularly have a lower risk of developing dementia.
now, in a surprising discovery, researchers report that the blood of regularly exercised mice can activate the brains of sedentary mice, according to a study published in Science.
this effect can be traced back to a special liver protein in the blood that provides a drug for older or frail people who rarely leave a chair or bed, which allows the brain to benefit from exercise.
"Does your brain think you're exercising just because there's something in your blood?" The study stems from studies in Villeda's lab and others that showed that the blood of young mice re-resusced the brains and muscles of older mice.
some research groups claim to have